{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029490956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-009-9159-1","title":"A Challenge for Machine Ethics","display_name":"A Challenge for Machine Ethics","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029490956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-009-9159-1","mag":"2029490956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-009-9159-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-009-9159-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054719879","display_name":"Ryan Tonkens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1972-3893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Tonkens","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","York University, Toronto,Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University, Toronto,Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054719879"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96039945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"421","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6190692186355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-mind","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","score":0.5648102760314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5396672487258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandate","display_name":"Mandate","score":0.5276417136192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"Philosophy of science","score":0.4813293218612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47058406472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.4513205885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.43207836151123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4267526865005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.3959294855594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.381679505109787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2584303319454193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"Metaphysics","score":0.2032211422920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17308348417282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14168867468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12779438495635986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6190692186355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24726157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","level":3,"score":0.5648102760314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5396672487258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845436","display_name":"Mandate","level":2,"score":0.5276417136192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.4813293218612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47058406472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4513205885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.43207836151123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4267526865005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.3959294855594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.381679505109787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2584303319454193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.2032211422920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17308348417282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14168867468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12779438495635986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-009-9159-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-009-9159-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315196","display_name":"Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77785501","https://openalex.org/W122549942","https://openalex.org/W1491607089","https://openalex.org/W1566861774","https://openalex.org/W1595165895","https://openalex.org/W1595353434","https://openalex.org/W1608224782","https://openalex.org/W1976787458","https://openalex.org/W1999562244","https://openalex.org/W1999850382","https://openalex.org/W2032912464","https://openalex.org/W2038865198","https://openalex.org/W2051031454","https://openalex.org/W2059946539","https://openalex.org/W2074606570","https://openalex.org/W2078254699","https://openalex.org/W2080902143","https://openalex.org/W2081590306","https://openalex.org/W2084319220","https://openalex.org/W2094251476","https://openalex.org/W2094987439","https://openalex.org/W2110241868","https://openalex.org/W2111742056","https://openalex.org/W2125906904","https://openalex.org/W2130661992","https://openalex.org/W2133460105","https://openalex.org/W2143063108","https://openalex.org/W2150510638","https://openalex.org/W2322697697","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2397253692","https://openalex.org/W2725331431","https://openalex.org/W2911336608","https://openalex.org/W2913215413","https://openalex.org/W4229543084","https://openalex.org/W4232036072","https://openalex.org/W4232127533","https://openalex.org/W4240540997","https://openalex.org/W4247462173","https://openalex.org/W4289790859","https://openalex.org/W6603129750","https://openalex.org/W6798218004","https://openalex.org/W6806256995","https://openalex.org/W7055748142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2531287006","https://openalex.org/W4220673763","https://openalex.org/W2037107578","https://openalex.org/W2078814290","https://openalex.org/W1965227077","https://openalex.org/W2052861746","https://openalex.org/W2043402388","https://openalex.org/W2100605390","https://openalex.org/W2953698770","https://openalex.org/W109703496"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
