{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154014237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","title":"Task Muddiness, Intelligence Metrics, and the Necessity of Autonomous Mental Development","display_name":"Task Muddiness, Intelligence Metrics, and the Necessity of Autonomous Mental Development","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154014237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","mag":"2154014237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102851268","display_name":"Juyang Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-3872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juyang Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["(&) Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA","Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(&) Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102851268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6927,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94762085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"93","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9157000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9157000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executor","display_name":"Executor","score":0.7299491763114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7213135957717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-intelligence","display_name":"Human intelligence","score":0.7132046222686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5984001755714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.4167044162750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4044380784034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3685610592365265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3366962671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30418476462364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11170876026153564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654437","display_name":"Executor","level":2,"score":0.7299491763114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7213135957717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.7132046222686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5984001755714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4167044162750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4044380784034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3685610592365265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3366962671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30418476462364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11170876026153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.151.3141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.151.3141","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.msu.edu/~weng/research/MindsMach09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.612.1300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.612.1300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.msu.edu/~cse841/papers/MuddyTasks.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11023-008-9127-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154014237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154014237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57224368","https://openalex.org/W71842670","https://openalex.org/W146111145","https://openalex.org/W1485243506","https://openalex.org/W1517322531","https://openalex.org/W1560575047","https://openalex.org/W1562462135","https://openalex.org/W1622039380","https://openalex.org/W1742722778","https://openalex.org/W1799123644","https://openalex.org/W1814179671","https://openalex.org/W1984722393","https://openalex.org/W1993380272","https://openalex.org/W1999282397","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2029428227","https://openalex.org/W2071415440","https://openalex.org/W2096178388","https://openalex.org/W2120761216","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2132736959","https://openalex.org/W2145482038","https://openalex.org/W2333881316","https://openalex.org/W2730957794","https://openalex.org/W4233427379","https://openalex.org/W4245906920","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637813273","https://openalex.org/W6638304128","https://openalex.org/W6678087030","https://openalex.org/W7065795427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564680838","https://openalex.org/W2615271513","https://openalex.org/W2060591604","https://openalex.org/W2003125260","https://openalex.org/W2166791242","https://openalex.org/W2407658959","https://openalex.org/W3012440055","https://openalex.org/W1934413089","https://openalex.org/W2585162246","https://openalex.org/W1992291644"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}