{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406854014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-024-06696-8","title":"Gradient-based causal discovery with latent variables","display_name":"Gradient-based causal discovery with latent variables","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406854014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-024-06696-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-024-06696-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-024-06696-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111246352","display_name":"Haotian Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101592639","display_name":"Tian-Zuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-4167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Zuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010022982","display_name":"Hong Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-5683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035676193","display_name":"Xiuqi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4443-1555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuqi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091529433","display_name":"Chenping Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-0469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenping Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091529433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82397765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.6869330406188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46664145588874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.464219331741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3630622625350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3520508110523224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27963191270828247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.6869330406188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46664145588874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.464219331741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3630622625350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3520508110523224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27963191270828247}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-024-06696-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-024-06696-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4173930408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7031182729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62006238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492518391","https://openalex.org/W1517993545","https://openalex.org/W1519252202","https://openalex.org/W1524653654","https://openalex.org/W1530398305","https://openalex.org/W1789238264","https://openalex.org/W1970687027","https://openalex.org/W1977446441","https://openalex.org/W2036363967","https://openalex.org/W2064222729","https://openalex.org/W2073307618","https://openalex.org/W2095690451","https://openalex.org/W2132507555","https://openalex.org/W2147881172","https://openalex.org/W2151226328","https://openalex.org/W2165190832","https://openalex.org/W2165582599","https://openalex.org/W2186461911","https://openalex.org/W2223868250","https://openalex.org/W2568887718","https://openalex.org/W2801890059","https://openalex.org/W2885305518","https://openalex.org/W2889900103","https://openalex.org/W2963174822","https://openalex.org/W2963470896","https://openalex.org/W3098710260","https://openalex.org/W4299515571","https://openalex.org/W4302423442","https://openalex.org/W6631500773","https://openalex.org/W6635459107","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6681517296","https://openalex.org/W6744110554","https://openalex.org/W6750230808","https://openalex.org/W6761805307","https://openalex.org/W6762856758","https://openalex.org/W6767750290","https://openalex.org/W6939811371","https://openalex.org/W7075292137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}