{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386086314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5","title":"Persian offensive language detection","display_name":"Persian offensive language detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386086314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056864367","display_name":"Emad Kebriaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emad Kebriaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8412-0065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073727279","display_name":"A. Homayouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-4489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Homayouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102547961","display_name":"Roghayeh Faraji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roghayeh Faraji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Armita Razavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armita Razavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055494428","display_name":"Azadeh Shakery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-8340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azadeh Shakery","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055598777","display_name":"Heshaam Faili","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heshaam Faili","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031030600","display_name":"Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-0852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056864367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90937768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"113","issue":"7","first_page":"4359","last_page":"4379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.9622359275817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hatred","display_name":"Hatred","score":0.7616913914680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persian","display_name":"Persian","score":0.7190918922424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6825265884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.597819983959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.5899932384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5673762559890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.25408506393432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09423711895942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.08757123351097107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.9622359275817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780617971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160232","display_name":"Hatred","level":3,"score":0.7616913914680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776527531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9168","display_name":"Persian","level":2,"score":0.7190918922424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6825265884399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.597819983959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.5899932384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5673762559890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25408506393432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09423711895942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.08757123351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-023-06370-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3302536600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CS1400-4-237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323645","funder_display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323645","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386086314.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386086314.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2247662608","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2540646130","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2734862619","https://openalex.org/W2740168486","https://openalex.org/W2741420507","https://openalex.org/W2762029282","https://openalex.org/W2785615365","https://openalex.org/W2791170418","https://openalex.org/W2810732061","https://openalex.org/W2887782043","https://openalex.org/W2887984617","https://openalex.org/W2914097099","https://openalex.org/W2922580172","https://openalex.org/W2946681640","https://openalex.org/W2954226438","https://openalex.org/W2962990575","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2971050273","https://openalex.org/W2972735048","https://openalex.org/W2989817717","https://openalex.org/W3024249300","https://openalex.org/W3032299950","https://openalex.org/W3034282334","https://openalex.org/W3034937117","https://openalex.org/W3035377849","https://openalex.org/W3035390927","https://openalex.org/W3049565363","https://openalex.org/W3093890791","https://openalex.org/W3099215402","https://openalex.org/W3101004475","https://openalex.org/W3101574506","https://openalex.org/W3104209339","https://openalex.org/W3108035982","https://openalex.org/W3115903740","https://openalex.org/W3126217745","https://openalex.org/W3155742828","https://openalex.org/W3169554260","https://openalex.org/W3204775905","https://openalex.org/W3209870634","https://openalex.org/W3217152367","https://openalex.org/W4200211508","https://openalex.org/W4205232642","https://openalex.org/W4206192262","https://openalex.org/W4210804765","https://openalex.org/W4212937970","https://openalex.org/W4226549504","https://openalex.org/W4310803265","https://openalex.org/W4317536030","https://openalex.org/W6697883168","https://openalex.org/W6728551298","https://openalex.org/W7061052158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W3213194066","https://openalex.org/W4287020359","https://openalex.org/W268355439","https://openalex.org/W2967125893","https://openalex.org/W4385323698","https://openalex.org/W4293870971","https://openalex.org/W1831473261"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
