{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110917906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","title":"Optimal policy trees","display_name":"Optimal policy trees","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110917906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","mag":"3110917906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008231841","display_name":"Maxime Amram","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Amram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interpretable AI, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interpretable AI, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114120133","display_name":"Jack Dunn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Dunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interpretable AI, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-4502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interpretable AI, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073501352","display_name":"Ying Daisy Zhuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-932X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Daisy Zhuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interpretable AI, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interpretable AI, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008231841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.607,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93530399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"7","first_page":"2741","last_page":"2768"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.8397530913352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.642132043838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6278618574142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6260654330253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6011845469474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5868003368377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5633158087730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5451887845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.5373263955116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5245490074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5019056797027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3542264699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3298991918563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.26062867045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25209227204322815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.8397530913352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.642132043838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6278618574142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6260654330253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6011845469474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5868003368377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5633158087730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5451887845993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.5373263955116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5245490074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5019056797027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3542264699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3298991918563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.26062867045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25209227204322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-022-06128-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110917906.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110917906.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85009029","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1809653203","https://openalex.org/W2149421006","https://openalex.org/W2208550830","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2560629614","https://openalex.org/W2603536356","https://openalex.org/W2604736517","https://openalex.org/W2619301103","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2937302337","https://openalex.org/W2963371984","https://openalex.org/W2963728224","https://openalex.org/W2964270008","https://openalex.org/W2997018541","https://openalex.org/W3096182600","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W3125697501","https://openalex.org/W3138703676","https://openalex.org/W6843735874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599","https://openalex.org/W3028847759","https://openalex.org/W2393688264","https://openalex.org/W4372260129"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}