{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283386367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4","title":"The flowing nature matters: feature learning from the control flow graph of source code for bug localization","display_name":"The flowing nature matters: feature learning from the control flow graph of source code for bug localization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283386367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069840908","display_name":"Yi-Fan Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Fan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351387","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-5585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100351387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7513,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95202218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"3","first_page":"853","last_page":"870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-graph","display_name":"Control flow graph","score":0.7981559038162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.7825843095779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7485840320587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6541097164154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5648224949836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5504329800605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.5441080927848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-analysis","display_name":"Control flow analysis","score":0.542214035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5310412049293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5185792446136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5025043487548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47713398933410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4571859538555145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.45464760065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4419100880622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-flow-diagram","display_name":"Data flow diagram","score":0.41801419854164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3657796382904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08732068538665771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27458966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187693","display_name":"Control flow graph","level":2,"score":0.7981559038162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.7825843095779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7485840320587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6541097164154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5648224949836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5504329800605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.5441080927848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176359209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348963","display_name":"Control flow analysis","level":5,"score":0.542214035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5310412049293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5185792446136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5025043487548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47713398933410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4571859538555145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.45464760065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4419100880622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C489000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747385","display_name":"Data flow diagram","level":2,"score":0.41801419854164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3657796382904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08732068538665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06078-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G697213553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61751306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283386367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283386367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W2049238280","https://openalex.org/W2058230372","https://openalex.org/W2110385988","https://openalex.org/W2135541598","https://openalex.org/W2135866290","https://openalex.org/W2139543149","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2249980257","https://openalex.org/W2282866165","https://openalex.org/W2406128552","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2554979658","https://openalex.org/W2575109289","https://openalex.org/W2729710884","https://openalex.org/W2741676187","https://openalex.org/W2741705590","https://openalex.org/W2886117034","https://openalex.org/W2904067867","https://openalex.org/W2904997879","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2964150020","https://openalex.org/W2970862273","https://openalex.org/W2979566992","https://openalex.org/W2998026230","https://openalex.org/W3085794062","https://openalex.org/W3089621332","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3149255455","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4245415816","https://openalex.org/W6745034332","https://openalex.org/W6763466049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W157564837","https://openalex.org/W2150418816","https://openalex.org/W1724049288","https://openalex.org/W2166895275","https://openalex.org/W1565879960","https://openalex.org/W2011536294","https://openalex.org/W2114464863","https://openalex.org/W4384302888","https://openalex.org/W1971022286","https://openalex.org/W2080046362"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}