{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220673036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8","title":"Towards interpreting deep neural networks via layer behavior understanding","display_name":"Towards interpreting deep neural networks via layer behavior understanding","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220673036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090145580","display_name":"Jiezhang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-4714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiezhang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China","Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763520","display_name":"Jincheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8989-9475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jincheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China","Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007941489","display_name":"Xiping Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4952-699X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiping Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100940159","display_name":"Xiangmiao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0343-5600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangmiao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032352025","display_name":"Mingkui Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-756X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingkui Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China","South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032352025","https://openalex.org/A5100940159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0497,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79733039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"3","first_page":"1159","last_page":"1179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.728681743144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.705857515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6491371393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.6062548756599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.605297863483429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5643889904022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5616588592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5554634928703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.509538471698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2923310697078705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24819254875183105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.728681743144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.705857515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6491371393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.6062548756599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.605297863483429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5643889904022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5616588592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5554634928703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.509538471698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2923310697078705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24819254875183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:/ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/476575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/476575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:/ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/477494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/477494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article (JA)"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-06074-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1316973057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61836003 (key project)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6042538324","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u533b\u7597\u89c6\u9891\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u5fae\u52a8\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8bc6\u522b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220673036.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220673036.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385466589","https://openalex.org/W1726806267","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1915485278","https://openalex.org/W1971014294","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2079639858","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2158131535","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2240536489","https://openalex.org/W2330485005","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2626361187","https://openalex.org/W2789027062","https://openalex.org/W2887906913","https://openalex.org/W2899297079","https://openalex.org/W2913830934","https://openalex.org/W2932399282","https://openalex.org/W2944701285","https://openalex.org/W2950404682","https://openalex.org/W2962883557","https://openalex.org/W2963745697","https://openalex.org/W2963749936","https://openalex.org/W2963989815","https://openalex.org/W2964184826","https://openalex.org/W2966628364","https://openalex.org/W2969792713","https://openalex.org/W2979324907","https://openalex.org/W2979997102","https://openalex.org/W2981407587","https://openalex.org/W2987569362","https://openalex.org/W2996320484","https://openalex.org/W3013056767","https://openalex.org/W3017751871","https://openalex.org/W3019321633","https://openalex.org/W3061398139","https://openalex.org/W3087792628","https://openalex.org/W3096171620","https://openalex.org/W3102775700","https://openalex.org/W3113714439","https://openalex.org/W4206471589","https://openalex.org/W6611084055","https://openalex.org/W6629461549","https://openalex.org/W6733962499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208095355","https://openalex.org/W2177370417","https://openalex.org/W2052507016","https://openalex.org/W2180461068","https://openalex.org/W2051816080","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W4310813911","https://openalex.org/W2156730189","https://openalex.org/W3042419602","https://openalex.org/W2966649771"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}