{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156197110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","title":"autoBOT: evolving neuro-symbolic representations for explainable low resource text classification","display_name":"autoBOT: evolving neuro-symbolic representations for explainable low resource text classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156197110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","mag":"3156197110","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34720391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007096285","display_name":"Bla\u017e \u0160krlj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-8756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113529","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01hdkb925","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113529"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bla\u017e \u0160krlj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-8756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113529"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000491019","display_name":"Matej Martinc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7384-8112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113529","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01hdkb925","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113529"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matej Martinc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113529"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060174190","display_name":"Nada Lavra\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-7093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455894","display_name":"University of Nova Gorica","ror":"https://ror.org/00mw0tw28","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455894"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Lavra\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia","Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455894"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074881863","display_name":"Senja Pollak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senja Pollak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007096285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408","https://openalex.org/I4210113529"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.5188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90967197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"5","first_page":"989","last_page":"1028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7893962860107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6373277902603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6220242381095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5369835495948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5056226253509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4898800253868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46490538120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.445089727640152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.43325844407081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33595120906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.17377811670303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7893962860107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6373277902603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6220242381095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5369835495948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5056226253509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4898800253868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46490538120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.445089727640152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.43325844407081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33595120906829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.17377811670303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34720391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34720391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine learning","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4768052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4768052","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4768052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7442384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8550026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8550026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8550026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mach Learn","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-021-05968-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2986429936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2-0078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G761742514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"825153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156197110.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3156197110.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32253530","https://openalex.org/W54464883","https://openalex.org/W1224304992","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1525595230","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1597406287","https://openalex.org/W1886769213","https://openalex.org/W1964305049","https://openalex.org/W1966355747","https://openalex.org/W2005045813","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W2025525377","https://openalex.org/W2043136032","https://openalex.org/W2062233052","https://openalex.org/W2070246124","https://openalex.org/W2097571405","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102539288","https://openalex.org/W2107262494","https://openalex.org/W2112364454","https://openalex.org/W2128996366","https://openalex.org/W2129250947","https://openalex.org/W2129557600","https://openalex.org/W2133286915","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2165607334","https://openalex.org/W2166032971","https://openalex.org/W2166843422","https://openalex.org/W2251295945","https://openalex.org/W2274287116","https://openalex.org/W2429723389","https://openalex.org/W2460474657","https://openalex.org/W2489098841","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2579591092","https://openalex.org/W2595700172","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2608595939","https://openalex.org/W2738421104","https://openalex.org/W2753615071","https://openalex.org/W2767089347","https://openalex.org/W2789995212","https://openalex.org/W2802787326","https://openalex.org/W2809880372","https://openalex.org/W2885648442","https://openalex.org/W2886851211","https://openalex.org/W2890515088","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2906152891","https://openalex.org/W2906697496","https://openalex.org/W2912436245","https://openalex.org/W2937423263","https://openalex.org/W2939893088","https://openalex.org/W2945790622","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2947123069","https://openalex.org/W2949547296","https://openalex.org/W2950182411","https://openalex.org/W2950220059","https://openalex.org/W2950813464","https://openalex.org/W2953212265","https://openalex.org/W2957482284","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962977603","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964207259","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2969513720","https://openalex.org/W2977683229","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3033378605","https://openalex.org/W3098824823","https://openalex.org/W3100203766","https://openalex.org/W3101049536","https://openalex.org/W3103145119","https://openalex.org/W3105625590","https://openalex.org/W3105833958","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4205444062","https://openalex.org/W6635887050","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6684276203","https://openalex.org/W6718766952","https://openalex.org/W7002254874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W4389724018","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W3183136280","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W2775233965","https://openalex.org/W4360995913","https://openalex.org/W4206657577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"from":[1],"texts":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"adopted":[6],"throughout":[7],"industry":[8],"and":[9,34,90,126,129,191],"science.":[10],"While":[11],"state-of-the-art":[12,184],"neural":[13,185],"language":[14,186],"models":[15,61,187],"have":[16],"shown":[17],"very":[18],"promising":[19],"results":[20],"for":[21,56,81,96,222],"text":[22,49,117],"classification,":[23],"they":[24],"are":[25,66,98],"expensive":[26],"to":[27,68],"(pre-)train,":[28],"require":[29],"large":[30],"amounts":[31],"of":[32,36,38,60,93,104,114,132,140,145,201,204,210],"data":[33,94],"tuning":[35],"hundreds":[37],"millions":[39],"or":[40],"more":[41],"parameters.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"explores":[45],"how":[46],"automatically":[47],"evolved":[48],"representations":[50,113],"can":[51],"serve":[52],"as":[53,181,183,189,198],"a":[54,115,173],"basis":[55],"explainable,":[57,197],"low-resource":[58],"branch":[59],"with":[62],"competitive":[63,162,174],"performance":[64,164],"that":[65,108,177],"subject":[67],"automated":[69],"hyperparameter":[70],"tuning.":[71],"We":[72],"present":[73],"autoBOT":[74,141],"(automatic":[75],"Bags-Of-Tokens),":[76],"an":[77,105],"autoML":[78,175],"approach":[79,102,176,195],"suitable":[80],"low":[82],"resource":[83],"learning":[84],"scenarios,":[85],"where":[86],"both":[87],"the":[88,91,148,155,194,199,202,205,211,216],"hardware":[89],"amount":[92],"required":[95],"training":[97],"limited.":[99],"The":[100,137,158],"proposed":[101,159,217],"consists":[103],"evolutionary":[106],"algorithm":[107],"jointly":[109],"optimizes":[110],"various":[111],"sparse":[112],"given":[116],"(including":[118],"word,":[119],"subword,":[120],"POS":[121],"tag,":[122],"keyword-based,":[123],"knowledge":[124],"graph-based":[125],"relational":[127],"features)":[128],"two":[130],"types":[131],"document":[133],"embeddings":[134],"(non-sparse":[135],"representations).":[136],"key":[138],"idea":[139],"is":[142,152,196,208],"that,":[143],"instead":[144],"evolving":[146],"at":[147,154],"learner":[149],"level,":[150],"evolution":[151],"conducted":[153],"representation":[156],"level.":[157],"method":[160],"offers":[161],"classification":[163,168],"on":[165],"fourteen":[166],"real-world":[167],"tasks":[169],"when":[170],"compared":[171],"against":[172],"evolves":[178],"ensemble":[179],"models,":[180],"well":[182],"such":[188],"BERT":[190],"RoBERTa.":[192],"Moreover,":[193],"importance":[200],"parts":[203],"input":[206],"space":[207],"part":[209],"final":[212],"solution":[213],"yielded":[214],"by":[215],"optimization":[218],"procedure,":[219],"offering":[220],"potential":[221],"meta-transfer":[223],"learning.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}