{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976757343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","title":"ROC curves in cost space","display_name":"ROC curves in cost space","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976757343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","mag":"1976757343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10994-013-5328-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10994-013-5328-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029864546","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Orallo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9746-7632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Hern\u00e1ndez-Orallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Sistemes Inform\u00e0tics i Computaci\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Sistemes Inform\u00e0tics i Computaci\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057936560","display_name":"Peter Flach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-5810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Flach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","Department of Computer Science University of Bristol  Bristol UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Bristol  Bristol UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050804466","display_name":"C\u00e8sar Ferri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-1120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9sar Ferri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departament de Sistemes Inform\u00e0tics i Computaci\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament de Sistemes Inform\u00e0tics i Computaci\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050804466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96775392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"1","first_page":"71","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13720","display_name":"Benford\u2019s Law and Fraud Detection","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9383999705314636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.7722872495651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.7467827796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5130018591880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-hull","display_name":"Convex hull","score":0.4840256869792938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-of-curves","display_name":"Family of curves","score":0.4580515921115875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.43323153257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.42132440209388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.41834133863449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.36815276741981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.3252277076244354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2530902624130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2014341950416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19142112135887146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.7722872495651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7467827796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5130018591880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206194317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138624","display_name":"Convex hull","level":3,"score":0.4840256869792938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53622353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1518913","display_name":"Family of curves","level":2,"score":0.4580515921115875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.43323153257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.42132440209388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41834133863449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36815276741981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3252277076244354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2530902624130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2014341950416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19142112135887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10994-013-5328-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/cd6ecb6d-20b8-4c5f-8b5f-46615f1127b3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/cd6ecb6d-20b8-4c5f-8b5f-46615f1127b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Orallo, J, Flach, P & Ferri, C 2013, 'ROC curves in cost space', Machine Learning, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 71-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/cd6ecb6d-20b8-4c5f-8b5f-46615f1127b3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/cd6ecb6d-20b8-4c5f-8b5f-46615f1127b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Orallo , J , Flach , P & Ferri , C 2013 , ' ROC curves in cost space ' , Machine Learning , vol. 93 , no. 1 , pp. 71-91 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/38999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/38999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401500","display_name":"RiuNet (Politechnical University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5328-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10994-013-5328-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3575203511","display_name":"Repenser l'essence, la flexibilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9utilisabilit\u00e9 de l'exploitation de mod\u00e8les avanc\u00e9s","funder_award_id":"ANR-12-CHRI-0005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6406789018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K018728/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7345354341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PROMETEO/2008/051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8376176802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIN 2010-21062-C02-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana","ror":"https://ror.org/0097mvx21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1976757343.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1976757343.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167016754","https://openalex.org/W1484672383","https://openalex.org/W1937501893","https://openalex.org/W1965894730","https://openalex.org/W1985514943","https://openalex.org/W2033326122","https://openalex.org/W2062138633","https://openalex.org/W2115650093","https://openalex.org/W2137959503","https://openalex.org/W2143017915","https://openalex.org/W2155822698","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2166290812","https://openalex.org/W2167793421","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4239181501","https://openalex.org/W4299828299","https://openalex.org/W6606837198","https://openalex.org/W7055499513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2552050053","https://openalex.org/W2119158312","https://openalex.org/W2383597092","https://openalex.org/W2391349121","https://openalex.org/W2022934224","https://openalex.org/W2910133962","https://openalex.org/W2095346227","https://openalex.org/W2401850100","https://openalex.org/W3048590643","https://openalex.org/W1976757343"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}