{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116091861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","title":"A suffix tree approach to anti-spam email filtering","display_name":"A suffix tree approach to anti-spam email filtering","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116091861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","mag":"2116091861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088183961","display_name":"Rajesh Pampapathi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Pampapathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London","School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075542475","display_name":"Boris Mirkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Mirkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London","School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015725705","display_name":"Mark Levene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-4732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Levene","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London","School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, University of London, London#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088183961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96342943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"1","first_page":"309","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suffix-tree","display_name":"Suffix tree","score":0.841489315032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-suffix-tree","display_name":"Generalized suffix tree","score":0.7748445272445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suffix","display_name":"Suffix","score":0.7606725692749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.718113362789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6917229294776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6068589091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5612457990646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5355806946754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4744250178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.42900604009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4013841450214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39665937423706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36346662044525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3435673117637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.25232556462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.21454578638076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.206039696931839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.20602533221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07679155468940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.057325541973114014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781166958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426863","display_name":"Suffix tree","level":3,"score":0.841489315032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118146561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532514","display_name":"Generalized suffix tree","level":4,"score":0.7748445272445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779804580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102047","display_name":"Suffix","level":2,"score":0.7606725692749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.718113362789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6917229294776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6068589091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5612457990646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5355806946754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4744250178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.42900604009628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4013841450214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39665937423706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36346662044525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3435673117637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.25232556462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.21454578638076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.206039696931839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.20602533221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07679155468940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.057325541973114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.96.2575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.96.2575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~mirkin/papers/ml06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bbk.ac.uk.oai2:44429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/44429/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400466","display_name":"BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","host_organization_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-006-9505-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116091861.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116091861.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73527130","https://openalex.org/W938539187","https://openalex.org/W1521843029","https://openalex.org/W1543155826","https://openalex.org/W1550206324","https://openalex.org/W1571053466","https://openalex.org/W1572615921","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1648885110","https://openalex.org/W1924689489","https://openalex.org/W1982026570","https://openalex.org/W1990061958","https://openalex.org/W2030962049","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2060216474","https://openalex.org/W2073245587","https://openalex.org/W2087609354","https://openalex.org/W2089923329","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2120011452","https://openalex.org/W2129995544","https://openalex.org/W2131362052","https://openalex.org/W2144794905","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2166490929","https://openalex.org/W2597018575","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W4243282891","https://openalex.org/W6603010935","https://openalex.org/W6633831026","https://openalex.org/W6636944375","https://openalex.org/W6674809819","https://openalex.org/W6681401248","https://openalex.org/W6684151790","https://openalex.org/W6776565550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W96331545","https://openalex.org/W1517600056","https://openalex.org/W1575722140","https://openalex.org/W2036633468","https://openalex.org/W2160738675","https://openalex.org/W1548907175","https://openalex.org/W2003608043","https://openalex.org/W4293529780","https://openalex.org/W3022556214","https://openalex.org/W2405892617"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}