{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089052147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","title":"Evolving Soccer Keepaway Players Through Task Decomposition","display_name":"Evolving Soccer Keepaway Players Through Task Decomposition","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089052147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","mag":"2089052147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056879203","display_name":"Shimon Whiteson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shimon Whiteson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037610596","display_name":"Nate Kohl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nate Kohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020441009","display_name":"Risto Miikkulainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risto Miikkulainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001594330","display_name":"Peter Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-420X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0500, Austin, Texas, 78712-1188","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712-1188#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056879203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5212,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97674342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","first_page":"5","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroevolution","display_name":"Neuroevolution","score":0.8279260396957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7698705792427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7306064367294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7162220478057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6663337349891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6541035175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5558373928070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5320483446121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.5240007638931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4636456072330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4470870792865753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3407366871833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32291120290756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08385288715362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07666084170341492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118070581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2060528","display_name":"Neuroevolution","level":3,"score":0.8279260396957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7698705792427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7306064367294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7162220478057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6663337349891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6541035175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5558373928070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5320483446121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5240007638931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4636456072330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4470870792865753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3407366871833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32291120290756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08385288715362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07666084170341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.100.423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.100.423","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://nn.cs.utexas.edu/downloads/papers/whiteson.mlj05.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.79.4526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.79.4526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/pstone/Papers/bib2html-links/MLJ05.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.81.1111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.81.1111","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/pstone/Papers/bib2html-links/MLJ05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10994-005-0460-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3508180057","display_name":"Cooperative Coevolution of Neural Networks in Sequential Decision Tasks","funder_award_id":"0083776","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5532095396","display_name":"RI:  Mastodon: A Large-Memory, High-Throughput Simulation Infrastructure","funder_award_id":"0303609","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6434412380","display_name":"CAREER: Learning Agents in Dynamic, Collaborative, and Adversarial Multiagent Environments","funder_award_id":"0237699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308138","display_name":"Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board","ror":"https://ror.org/05as1qb59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089052147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089052147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8140010","https://openalex.org/W142076527","https://openalex.org/W211918120","https://openalex.org/W1484473245","https://openalex.org/W1488730473","https://openalex.org/W1506497862","https://openalex.org/W1517018472","https://openalex.org/W1524406656","https://openalex.org/W1529799029","https://openalex.org/W1548589545","https://openalex.org/W1588388339","https://openalex.org/W1589901344","https://openalex.org/W1595483645","https://openalex.org/W1596135418","https://openalex.org/W1600867940","https://openalex.org/W1653273292","https://openalex.org/W1747702904","https://openalex.org/W1797409058","https://openalex.org/W1976115983","https://openalex.org/W2006303459","https://openalex.org/W2039429895","https://openalex.org/W2076329865","https://openalex.org/W2097856935","https://openalex.org/W2100097207","https://openalex.org/W2100211715","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2122762267","https://openalex.org/W2124290836","https://openalex.org/W2126598894","https://openalex.org/W2128076038","https://openalex.org/W2128630570","https://openalex.org/W2133660922","https://openalex.org/W2134972977","https://openalex.org/W2147147005","https://openalex.org/W2149276032","https://openalex.org/W2155791599","https://openalex.org/W2160371091","https://openalex.org/W2162813238","https://openalex.org/W2168327438","https://openalex.org/W2169803171","https://openalex.org/W2171181350","https://openalex.org/W2598912124","https://openalex.org/W2912538055","https://openalex.org/W2912857739","https://openalex.org/W2914048451","https://openalex.org/W6600358712","https://openalex.org/W6638388751","https://openalex.org/W6660263164","https://openalex.org/W6678619407","https://openalex.org/W6681745991","https://openalex.org/W6683821272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W2168909409","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W2144357723","https://openalex.org/W2950402165","https://openalex.org/W2114981325","https://openalex.org/W4302038648","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
