{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003969655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10990-011-9066-z","title":"Space-efficient gradual typing","display_name":"Space-efficient gradual typing","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003969655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10990-011-9066-z","mag":"2003969655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10990-011-9066-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10990-011-9066-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228303","display_name":"LISP and Symbolic Computation","issn_l":"0892-4635","issn":["0892-4635","1573-0557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026703370","display_name":"David Herman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-6976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291431925","display_name":"Mozilla Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01y8r3379","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291431925"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Herman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mozilla Research, 650 Castro St, Mountain View, CA, 94116, USA","Mozilla Research, Mountain View, USA 94116#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mozilla Research, 650 Castro St, Mountain View, CA, 94116, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291431925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mozilla Research, Mountain View, USA 94116#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291431925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043389542","display_name":"Aaron Tomb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Tomb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA 95064#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA 95064#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018139743","display_name":"Cormac Flanagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-3120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cormac Flanagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA 95064#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA 95064#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026703370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291431925"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87234221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"167","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7837360501289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.7698205709457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-inference","display_name":"Type inference","score":0.6918333768844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6403751969337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursion","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","score":0.5226999521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43708446621894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-code","display_name":"Dead code","score":0.42013928294181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38450783491134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19147354364395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.13235962390899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.11464738845825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09905886650085449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7837360501289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.7698205709457397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198370458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459","display_name":"Type inference","level":3,"score":0.6918333768844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6403751969337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264164","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5226999521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43708446621894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47434764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770035","display_name":"Dead code","level":5,"score":0.42013928294181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38450783491134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19147354364395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.13235962390899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.11464738845825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09905886650085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151578736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251793","display_name":"Redundant code","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10990-011-9066-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10990-011-9066-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228303","display_name":"LISP and Symbolic Computation","issn_l":"0892-4635","issn":["0892-4635","1573-0557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77717277","https://openalex.org/W1487768293","https://openalex.org/W1496853143","https://openalex.org/W1502282368","https://openalex.org/W1526601993","https://openalex.org/W1567918249","https://openalex.org/W1568983194","https://openalex.org/W1726238843","https://openalex.org/W1973186567","https://openalex.org/W1980939032","https://openalex.org/W2014472261","https://openalex.org/W2027189949","https://openalex.org/W2052973434","https://openalex.org/W2059703978","https://openalex.org/W2073569229","https://openalex.org/W2075981791","https://openalex.org/W2083784549","https://openalex.org/W2092351491","https://openalex.org/W2097509104","https://openalex.org/W2106411570","https://openalex.org/W2116918412","https://openalex.org/W2127402358","https://openalex.org/W2128303158","https://openalex.org/W2133828278","https://openalex.org/W2141210774","https://openalex.org/W2144160229","https://openalex.org/W2160241785","https://openalex.org/W2163636817","https://openalex.org/W2278011425","https://openalex.org/W2296549752","https://openalex.org/W2397711898","https://openalex.org/W2742478755","https://openalex.org/W2915029105","https://openalex.org/W3137596000","https://openalex.org/W4233362170","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675347819","https://openalex.org/W6759471182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189052291","https://openalex.org/W2067607302","https://openalex.org/W102335353","https://openalex.org/W4247404391","https://openalex.org/W2081551198","https://openalex.org/W2924405342","https://openalex.org/W2294370068","https://openalex.org/W1851310281","https://openalex.org/W1978871081","https://openalex.org/W2051876501"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
