{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125644235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7","title":"The (a)social exam invigilator assignment problem","display_name":"The (a)social exam invigilator assignment problem","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125644235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91278097","display_name":"Journal of Scheduling","issn_l":"1094-6136","issn":["1094-6136","1099-1425"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Scheduling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123798404","display_name":"Hannah Verplancke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12607205","display_name":"HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs45z86","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12607205"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Verplancke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","Flanders Make@UGent-core lab CVAMO, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12607205","https://openalex.org/I2801227569","https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make@UGent-core lab CVAMO, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074853747","display_name":"David Van Bulck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-4541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12607205","display_name":"HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs45z86","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12607205"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Van Bulck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","Flanders Make@UGent-core lab CVAMO, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12607205","https://openalex.org/I2801227569","https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make@UGent-core lab CVAMO, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087747351","display_name":"Veronique Lim\u00e8re","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-6309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12607205","display_name":"HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs45z86","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12607205"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronique Lim\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","Flanders Make@UGent-core lab CVAMO, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12607205","https://openalex.org/I2801227569","https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make@UGent-core lab CVAMO, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065688112","display_name":"Nico Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-5913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12607205","display_name":"HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs45z86","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12607205"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148300","display_name":"Institut d'Economie Scientifique Et de Gestion","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqeag92","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159017","display_name":"Lille \u00c9conomie Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05bz47575","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I181827316","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210150854","https://openalex.org/I4210159017","https://openalex.org/I44563897"]}],"countries":["BE","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico Andr\u00e9 Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Economie Management, 59000, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management, Ghent University, Street, Ghent, 9000, State, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12607205","https://openalex.org/I2801227569","https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Economie Management, 59000, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210148300","https://openalex.org/I4210159017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123798404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12607205","https://openalex.org/I2801227569","https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07441299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"185","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6704999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assignment-problem","display_name":"Assignment problem","score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-assignment-problem","display_name":"Generalized assignment problem","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7282999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6704999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85044808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620614","display_name":"Assignment problem","level":2,"score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532462","display_name":"Generalized assignment problem","level":3,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25032326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185467","display_name":"Socialization","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30202268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978065","display_name":"Weapon target assignment problem","level":4,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91278097","display_name":"Journal of Scheduling","issn_l":"1094-6136","issn":["1094-6136","1099-1425"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Scheduling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01KH69PV0RPTN2TSM0HWY23PBT","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01KH69PV0RPTN2TSM0HWY23PBT","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1099-1425","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-025-00868-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91278097","display_name":"Journal of Scheduling","issn_l":"1094-6136","issn":["1094-6136","1099-1425"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Scheduling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4043315351009369,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3928699573","display_name":"TimeFrame: a long-term perspective for educational timetabling","funder_award_id":"12AXE24N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8836352307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23AXE35N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125644235.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125644235.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510083951","https://openalex.org/W1639820114","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1833510286","https://openalex.org/W1974197495","https://openalex.org/W1999940323","https://openalex.org/W2004932842","https://openalex.org/W2005124115","https://openalex.org/W2011653811","https://openalex.org/W2014856631","https://openalex.org/W2017615131","https://openalex.org/W2023331514","https://openalex.org/W2024952061","https://openalex.org/W2026014147","https://openalex.org/W2063468302","https://openalex.org/W2072063149","https://openalex.org/W2080304681","https://openalex.org/W2086943533","https://openalex.org/W2087356051","https://openalex.org/W2099942580","https://openalex.org/W2111190667","https://openalex.org/W2130799229","https://openalex.org/W2147706894","https://openalex.org/W2332118307","https://openalex.org/W2518566374","https://openalex.org/W2885722545","https://openalex.org/W2915138242","https://openalex.org/W3033201346","https://openalex.org/W3134760853","https://openalex.org/W3172844707","https://openalex.org/W3211455595","https://openalex.org/W4212814586","https://openalex.org/W4285039452","https://openalex.org/W4389934624"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"invigilator":[1,19],"assignment":[2,6],"problem":[3,24,52],"provides":[4],"an":[5],"of":[7],"invigilators,":[8],"also":[9,57],"called":[10],"proctors,":[11],"to":[12],"a":[13,27,59,73],"predetermined":[14],"exam":[15,90],"timetable":[16],"with":[17,26,40],"given":[18],"demand.":[20],"We":[21,35],"provide":[22,58],"three":[23],"variants":[25],"focus":[28],"on":[29,67,88],"invigilator-timeslot":[30],"preferences":[31,42],"and":[32,62,83,102],"socialization":[33,48],"aspects.":[34],"prove":[36],"that":[37],"the":[38,51,94,99,107],"variant":[39],"timeslot":[41],"is":[43],"polynomially":[44],"solvable,":[45],"whereas":[46],"incorporating":[47],"aspects":[49],"makes":[50],"$$\\mathcal{N}\\mathcal{P}$$":[53],"-hard.":[54],"Hence,":[55],"we":[56,81,97],"heuristic":[60],"approach":[61],"show":[63],"its":[64],"effectiveness":[65],"based":[66,87],"real-life":[68],"benchmark":[69],"instances,":[70],"arising":[71],"from":[72,93,106],"case":[74,108],"study":[75],"conducted":[76],"at":[77],"Ghent":[78],"University.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"introduce":[82],"evaluate":[84],"artificial":[85],"instances":[86,92],"well-known":[89],"timetabling":[91],"literature.":[95],"Finally,":[96],"discuss":[98],"practical":[100],"implications":[101],"key":[103],"insights":[104],"derived":[105],"study.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-01-26T00:00:00"}
