{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005087425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","title":"The flexible break assignment problem for large tour scheduling problems with an application to airport ground handlers","display_name":"The flexible break assignment problem for large tour scheduling problems with an application to airport ground handlers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005087425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","mag":"3005087425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91278097","display_name":"Journal of Scheduling","issn_l":"1094-6136","issn":["1094-6136","1099-1425"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Scheduling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077197159","display_name":"Ferdinand Kiermaier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ferdinand Kiermaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany","TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004635024","display_name":"Markus Frey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-2137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany","TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School Of Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020565600","display_name":"Jonathan F. Bard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-0909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan F. Bard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1591, USA","Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1591, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077197159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.2968,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81729416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12782","display_name":"Assembly Line Balancing Optimization","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6175281405448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5831852555274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5804988145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-horizon","display_name":"Time horizon","score":0.5582308173179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5356530547142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.4718706011772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.45668426156044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.43426284193992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4226158857345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26174312829971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19901064038276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.0958767831325531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6175281405448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5831852555274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5804988145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.5582308173179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5356530547142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.4718706011772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.45668426156044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.43426284193992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4226158857345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26174312829971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19901064038276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.0958767831325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91278097","display_name":"Journal of Scheduling","issn_l":"1094-6136","issn":["1094-6136","1099-1425"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Scheduling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:jsched:v:23:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10951-019-00635-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/288448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/288448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1552177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1552177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10951-019-00635-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91278097","display_name":"Journal of Scheduling","issn_l":"1094-6136","issn":["1094-6136","1099-1425"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Scheduling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005087425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005087425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W798021849","https://openalex.org/W1589496146","https://openalex.org/W1594623453","https://openalex.org/W1966942146","https://openalex.org/W1968132981","https://openalex.org/W1968143987","https://openalex.org/W1974179675","https://openalex.org/W1979255692","https://openalex.org/W1998542566","https://openalex.org/W1998732764","https://openalex.org/W1999473951","https://openalex.org/W2000345729","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2018961355","https://openalex.org/W2019021199","https://openalex.org/W2019086000","https://openalex.org/W2021941026","https://openalex.org/W2023932025","https://openalex.org/W2027663786","https://openalex.org/W2033952650","https://openalex.org/W2034555835","https://openalex.org/W2042521287","https://openalex.org/W2051214760","https://openalex.org/W2055583834","https://openalex.org/W2059132245","https://openalex.org/W2060794791","https://openalex.org/W2063240967","https://openalex.org/W2067030513","https://openalex.org/W2068585817","https://openalex.org/W2079593326","https://openalex.org/W2088056766","https://openalex.org/W2088566510","https://openalex.org/W2094319004","https://openalex.org/W2102323671","https://openalex.org/W2110857218","https://openalex.org/W2122836068","https://openalex.org/W2123696861","https://openalex.org/W2124128326","https://openalex.org/W2149929637","https://openalex.org/W2165560949","https://openalex.org/W2166507149","https://openalex.org/W2171783595","https://openalex.org/W2218002036","https://openalex.org/W2325136417","https://openalex.org/W2427389976","https://openalex.org/W2473687247","https://openalex.org/W2505968561","https://openalex.org/W2756645354","https://openalex.org/W4243899040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579473328","https://openalex.org/W2509147714","https://openalex.org/W3172150420","https://openalex.org/W3204654320","https://openalex.org/W2772574932","https://openalex.org/W1973859074","https://openalex.org/W2568276500","https://openalex.org/W4386546585","https://openalex.org/W2580557022","https://openalex.org/W2089992496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,62,88,136,242],"paper":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,13,51,57,70,76,85,101,105,122,125,140,147,151,154,161,173,205,208,235,259,263,267,274,281,296],"complexity":[5,170],"of":[6,15,107,142,153,172,201,266,276],"assigning":[7],"multiple":[8],"breaks":[9,102,143,155],"to":[10,68,94,103,190,292,295,305],"shifts":[11,71,277,302],"in":[12,166,248,256,300],"context":[14],"large-scale":[16],"tour":[17,52],"scheduling.":[18],"A":[19,169],"mixed-integer":[20],"programming":[21],"(MIP)":[22],"model":[23],"is":[24,47,65,134,156,183],"presented":[25,196],"that":[26,49,78,98,245],"includes":[27],"shift":[28,239,284],"and":[29,72,81,110,124,160,207,229,234,238,285],"days-off":[30],"scheduling":[31,53],"along":[32,177],"with":[33,178,280],"break":[34,58,131,237,249,286],"assignments":[35],"for":[36,75,197,203],"a":[37,43,95,129,167,179,198,214,253,306],"multi-skilled":[38],"workforce.":[39],"To":[40,119],"achieve":[41],"tractability,":[42],"two-stage":[44],"decomposition":[45],"procedure":[46],"proposed":[48],"separates":[50],"problem":[54,60],"(TShP)":[55],"from":[56],"assignment":[59],"(BAP).":[61],"former":[63],"MIP":[64,97],"first":[66,137],"solved":[67],"determine":[69],"days":[73],"off":[74],"workforce":[77],"minimize":[79,104],"labor":[80],"shortages":[82],"costs":[83,106],"over":[84,222],"planning":[86],"horizon.":[87],"results":[89,243],"are":[90,117,188,195,303],"used":[91],"as":[92,270,272],"input":[93],"second":[96,148],"optimally":[99],"places":[100],"working":[108],"hours":[109],"uncovered":[111],"periods.":[112],"Three":[113],"implicit":[114],"BAP":[115,209],"formulations":[116],"investigated.":[118],"better":[120],"understand":[121],"literature":[123],"models":[126],"previously":[127],"developed,":[128],"3-field":[130],"classification":[132],"scheme":[133],"introduced.":[135],"field":[138],"characterizes":[139],"number":[141],"permitted":[144],"per":[145],"shift,":[146],"specifies":[149],"whether":[150],"length":[152],"fixed":[157],"or":[158],"variable,":[159],"third":[162],"limits":[163],"their":[164],"position":[165],"shift.":[168],"analysis":[171],"resulting":[174],"12":[175],"BAPs":[176],"few":[180],"special":[181],"cases":[182],"also":[184],"included.":[185],"Most":[186],"problems":[187],"shown":[189],"be":[191],"strongly":[192],"NP-hard.":[193],"Computations":[194],"wide":[199],"variety":[200],"scenarios":[202,299],"both":[204],"TShP":[206],"using":[210,227],"data":[211],"provided":[212],"by":[213,290],"European":[215],"airport":[216],"ground":[217],"handler":[218],"company.":[219],"In":[220],"all,":[221],"500":[223],"instances":[224],"were":[225],"investigated":[226],"high":[228],"low":[230],"demand":[231,268],"fluctuation":[232],"curves":[233],"various":[236],"flexibility":[240,247],"options.":[241],"indicate":[244],"increasing":[246],"regulations":[250,287],"can":[251],"make":[252],"significant":[254],"difference":[255],"coverage,":[257],"but":[258],"degree":[260],"depends":[261],"on":[262,273],"underlying":[264],"structure":[265],"curve":[269],"well":[271],"types":[275],"permitted.":[278],"Formulations":[279],"most":[282,297],"flexible":[283],"reduced":[288],"undercoverage":[289],"up":[291],"16.68%":[293],"compared":[294],"common":[298],"which":[301],"limited":[304],"single":[307],"lunch":[308],"break.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
