{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154487646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-026-02384-3","title":"Validation of a Large Language Model Enhanced Frailty Index","display_name":"Validation of a Large Language Model Enhanced Frailty Index","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154487646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-026-02384-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41986765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-026-02384-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-026-02384-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066318724","display_name":"Joseph M. Plasek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-3876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph M. Plasek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107673548","display_name":"Marie Leeson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Leeson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062773413","display_name":"John Lundstedt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Lundstedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051898008","display_name":"Natalie C. Ernecoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-8492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie C. Ernecoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111444022","display_name":"Julie Fiskio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie M. Fiskio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073353720","display_name":"Savanna Plombon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6523-7162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savanna Plombon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079398160","display_name":"Shoshana Streiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoshana Streiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133683124","display_name":"Stephanie Mueller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Mueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133710790","display_name":"Stuart Lipsitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart Lipsitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085270698","display_name":"Julia Loewenthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3720-6673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia V. Loewenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133677556","display_name":"Li Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091334191","display_name":"Anuj Dalal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-6362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuj K. Dalal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA. adalal1@bwh.harvard.edu","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. adalal1@bwh.harvard.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 41 Avenue Louis Pasteur 309A, Boston, MA, USA. adalal1@bwh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. adalal1@bwh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066318724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77937447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.758400022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.758400022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty-index","display_name":"Frailty Index","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"Model validation","score":0.32260000705718994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909041561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25099514","display_name":"Frailty Index","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019813237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65089264","display_name":"Model validation","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-026-02384-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-026-02384-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41986765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41986765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461291510","https://openalex.org/W2809705582","https://openalex.org/W3097307761","https://openalex.org/W3110223562","https://openalex.org/W3174787666","https://openalex.org/W3191156627","https://openalex.org/W3199620043","https://openalex.org/W4394857110","https://openalex.org/W4398761960","https://openalex.org/W4401365770","https://openalex.org/W4405024676","https://openalex.org/W4406152263","https://openalex.org/W4407838237","https://openalex.org/W4411146488"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}
