{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416728605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","title":"Automated Bone Age Assessment and Adult Height Prediction from Pediatric Hand Radiographs via a Cascaded Deep Learning Framework","display_name":"Automated Bone Age Assessment and Adult Height Prediction from Pediatric Hand Radiographs via a Cascaded Deep Learning Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416728605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41296212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013058133","display_name":"Nihui Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152664","display_name":"Shenzhen Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0409k5a27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nihui Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057723425","display_name":"Yijiang Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3918-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152664","display_name":"Shenzhen Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0409k5a27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijiang Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006459289","display_name":"Zhe Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-8429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152664","display_name":"Shenzhen Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0409k5a27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053131871","display_name":"Fangjing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153682","display_name":"Intelligent Health (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0576zak10","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangjing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZhenData Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZhenData Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682","https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001232350","display_name":"Yansong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9217-8300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153682","display_name":"Intelligent Health (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0576zak10","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yansong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZhenData Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZhenData Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682","https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057788539","display_name":"Xianglei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-9020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152664","display_name":"Shenzhen Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0409k5a27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianglei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072845967","display_name":"Huiping Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152664","display_name":"Shenzhen Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0409k5a27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiping Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070424376","display_name":"Hongwu Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-3702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152664","display_name":"Shenzhen Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0409k5a27","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwu Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China. homerzeng@126.com","Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China. homerzeng@126.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013058133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152664"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"fwci":34.3744,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99556434,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"170","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-age","display_name":"Bone age","score":0.7396000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6593999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral","display_name":"Bone mineral","score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adult","display_name":"Young adult","score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-density","display_name":"Bone density","score":0.31439998745918274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89551170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777274","display_name":"Bone age","level":2,"score":0.7396000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7063000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6593999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5292999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778842504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121544","display_name":"Ossification","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987376176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy inference system","level":5,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984538763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260590","display_name":"Scoring system","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992191624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","display_name":"Bone development","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777081826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2418904","display_name":"Cephalometry","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000365","descriptor_name":"Age Determination by Skeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000365","descriptor_name":"Age Determination by Skeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000365","descriptor_name":"Age Determination by Skeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050276","descriptor_name":"Hand Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050276","descriptor_name":"Hand Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050276","descriptor_name":"Hand Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41296212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41296212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-025-02306-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416728605.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416728605.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2754800521","https://openalex.org/W2993235622","https://openalex.org/W3084942746","https://openalex.org/W4384120845","https://openalex.org/W4387146032","https://openalex.org/W4387830797","https://openalex.org/W4388043020","https://openalex.org/W4388636556","https://openalex.org/W4389498330","https://openalex.org/W4390348257","https://openalex.org/W4390701489","https://openalex.org/W4392593339","https://openalex.org/W4392783658","https://openalex.org/W4394610941","https://openalex.org/W4394685379","https://openalex.org/W4396745803","https://openalex.org/W4399860546","https://openalex.org/W4400391173","https://openalex.org/W4401026006","https://openalex.org/W4401164078","https://openalex.org/W4401214983","https://openalex.org/W4402351650","https://openalex.org/W4404061544","https://openalex.org/W4404245814","https://openalex.org/W4406658676","https://openalex.org/W4406767827","https://openalex.org/W4407220527","https://openalex.org/W4407445446","https://openalex.org/W4408767833","https://openalex.org/W4408907819","https://openalex.org/W4409457214","https://openalex.org/W6940932960"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bone":[0,72],"age":[1,44,73,150,178,207],"assessment":[2,208],"and":[3,24,45,58,93,110,151,165,179,204,209],"adult":[4,47,131,157,183,210],"height":[5,48,132,158,211],"prediction":[6],"are":[7],"essential":[8],"for":[9,88,148,156,176,182,216],"evaluating":[10],"pediatric":[11,50,78,220],"growth.":[12],"Traditional":[13],"methods":[14],"rely":[15],"on":[16,134],"manual":[17],"radiographic":[18],"interpretation,":[19],"which":[20],"is":[21],"subjective,":[22],"time-consuming,":[23],"prone":[25],"to":[26,41,54,91,102,122],"inter-observer":[27],"variability.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"presents":[31],"an":[32],"automated":[33],"approach":[34],"using":[35,80,117],"a":[36,118,140],"cascaded":[37,197],"deep":[38,198],"learning":[39,199],"model":[40,85,128,138,200],"assess":[42],"bone":[43,95,124,149,177,206],"predict":[46],"from":[49,66],"hand":[51],"radiographs,":[52],"aiming":[53],"improve":[55],"diagnostic":[56],"objectivity":[57],"efficiency.":[59,194],"A":[60,126],"total":[61],"of":[62,143,168],"8,242":[63],"left-hand":[64],"radiographs":[65],"Chinese":[67],"children":[68],"were":[69,115,173],"retrospectively":[70],"collected.":[71],"was":[74,188],"annotated":[75],"by":[76,98],"experienced":[77],"endocrinologists":[79],"the":[81,107],"China-05":[82],"standard.":[83],"The":[84,137,195],"employed":[86],"Yolact":[87],"instance":[89],"segmentation":[90],"detect":[92],"classify":[94],"structures,":[96],"followed":[97],"parallel":[99],"ResNet-18":[100],"subnetworks":[101],"grade":[103],"ossification":[104],"centers":[105],"in":[106,219],"radius,":[108],"ulna,":[109],"metacarpal/phalangeal":[111],"bones.":[112],"Predicted":[113],"grades":[114],"integrated":[116],"standardized":[119],"scoring":[120],"system":[121],"estimate":[123],"age.":[125],"regression":[127],"then":[129],"predicted":[130],"based":[133],"these":[135],"features.":[136],"achieved":[139],"Pearson":[141],"correlation":[142],"0.98":[144],"([Formula:":[145,153],"see":[146,154],"text])":[147,155],"0.94":[152],"predictions.":[159],"Bland-Altman":[160],"analysis":[161],"showed":[162],"minimal":[163],"bias":[164],"narrow":[166],"limits":[167],"agreement.":[169],"Mean":[170],"absolute":[171],"errors":[172],"0.25":[174],"years":[175],"1.75":[180],"cm":[181],"height.":[184],"Average":[185],"inference":[186],"time":[187],"7.8":[189],"seconds,":[190],"significantly":[191],"enhancing":[192],"clinical":[193,217],"proposed":[196],"delivers":[201],"accurate,":[202],"efficient,":[203],"reliable":[205],"prediction,":[212],"offering":[213],"strong":[214],"potential":[215],"integration":[218],"growth":[221],"evaluation.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}
