{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392782765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","title":"The Breakthrough of Large Language Models Release for Medical Applications: 1-Year Timeline and Perspectives","display_name":"The Breakthrough of Large Language Models Release for Medical Applications: 1-Year Timeline and Perspectives","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392782765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035279182","display_name":"Marco Cascella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5236-3132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Cascella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \"Scuola Medica Salernitana\", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, 84081, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \"Scuola Medica Salernitana\", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, 84081, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078218498","display_name":"Federico Semeraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3895-0242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098325","display_name":"Ospedale Maggiore Carlo Alberto Pizzardi","ror":"https://ror.org/010tmdc88","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098325","https://openalex.org/I4210119117","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Semeraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066069857","display_name":"Jonathan Montomoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-9588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129405","display_name":"Ospedale Infermi di Rimini","ror":"https://ror.org/039bxh911","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129405"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Montomoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Viale Settembrini 2, Rimini, 47923, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Viale Settembrini 2, Rimini, 47923, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014776622","display_name":"Valentina Bellini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-9026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Bellini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy. valentina.bellini@unipr.it","Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy. valentina.bellini@unipr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091470151","display_name":"Ornella Piazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-5930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ornella Piazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \"Scuola Medica Salernitana\", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, 84081, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \"Scuola Medica Salernitana\", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, Baronissi, 84081, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054176931","display_name":"Elena Bignami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Bignami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014776622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"fwci":20.5667,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99628705,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"22","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeline","display_name":"Timeline","score":0.9338208436965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.6987178325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5594329833984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3961640000343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2471579909324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.1397194266319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.13240256905555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.11460673809051514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4438859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117","display_name":"Timeline","level":2,"score":0.9338208436965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.6987178325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5594329833984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3961640000343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2471579909324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1397194266319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.13240256905555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.11460673809051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38366043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10873461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10873461","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10873461/pdf/10916_2024_Article_2045.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Med Syst","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10916-024-02045-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322875","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392782765.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W3163960008","https://openalex.org/W3169375224","https://openalex.org/W3187467055","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4220967417","https://openalex.org/W4221153690","https://openalex.org/W4226342560","https://openalex.org/W4285787204","https://openalex.org/W4287208373","https://openalex.org/W4319350602","https://openalex.org/W4320003957","https://openalex.org/W4322761615","https://openalex.org/W4323050332","https://openalex.org/W4327946446","https://openalex.org/W4361289889","https://openalex.org/W4376640706","https://openalex.org/W4378189609","https://openalex.org/W4381587418","https://openalex.org/W4381930847","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4385988139","https://openalex.org/W4386594700","https://openalex.org/W4386704947","https://openalex.org/W4386827842","https://openalex.org/W4387058885","https://openalex.org/W4387880927","https://openalex.org/W4388420209","https://openalex.org/W4388725043","https://openalex.org/W4388759569","https://openalex.org/W4388911158","https://openalex.org/W4389070894","https://openalex.org/W4389518760","https://openalex.org/W4389795202","https://openalex.org/W4390041933","https://openalex.org/W4392044798","https://openalex.org/W6601899773","https://openalex.org/W6636381977","https://openalex.org/W6756688054","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1858249912","https://openalex.org/W2114034199","https://openalex.org/W4391249598","https://openalex.org/W2317428717","https://openalex.org/W2734259032","https://openalex.org/W3094038556","https://openalex.org/W2014772881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Within":[0],"the":[1,37,78,115,125,133,136,159,164,172,206,215,238,272,275],"domain":[2],"of":[3,39,43,52,117,120,135,138,166,171,175,193,205,217,225,277],"Natural":[4],"Language":[5,9],"Processing":[6],"(NLP),":[7],"Large":[8],"Models":[10],"(LLMs)":[11],"represent":[12],"sophisticated":[13],"models":[14,54,140],"engineered":[15],"to":[16,161,200,250],"comprehend,":[17],"generate,":[18],"and":[19,45,58,65,84,105,188,227,254,290],"manipulate":[20],"text":[21],"resembling":[22],"human":[23],"language":[24],"on":[25],"an":[26,112,241],"extensive":[27,223],"scale.":[28],"They":[29],"are":[30,122,230],"transformer-based":[31],"deep":[32],"learning":[33],"architectures,":[34],"obtained":[35],"through":[36],"scaling":[38],"model":[40,243],"size,":[41],"pretraining":[42],"corpora,":[44],"computational":[46],"resources.":[47],"The":[48,71,233],"potential":[49,186,212],"healthcare":[50,126,155,258],"applications":[51,81,142,187,229],"these":[53],"primarily":[55,244],"involve":[56],"chatbots":[57],"interaction":[59],"systems":[60,265],"for":[61,80,98,141,220,246,257,266],"clinical":[62,85,281],"documentation":[63],"management,":[64],"medical":[66,248],"literature":[67],"summarization":[68],"(Biomedical":[69],"NLP).":[70],"challenge":[72],"in":[73,77,82,114,124,214],"this":[74,176,197],"field":[75,216],"lies":[76],"research":[79],"diagnostic":[83],"decision":[86],"support,":[87,289],"as":[88,90,261],"well":[89],"patient":[91,102,285],"triage.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"LLMs":[94],"can":[95],"be":[96],"used":[97],"multiple":[99],"tasks":[100],"within":[101],"care,":[103],"research,":[104],"education.":[106],"Throughout":[107],"2023,":[108],"there":[109],"has":[110],"been":[111],"escalation":[113],"release":[116],"LLMs,":[118,209],"some":[119],"which":[121],"applicable":[123],"domain.":[127],"This":[128],"remarkable":[129],"output":[130],"is":[131,178],"largely":[132],"effect":[134],"customization":[137],"pre-trained":[139],"like":[143],"chatbots,":[144],"virtual":[145,280],"assistants,":[146],"or":[147],"any":[148],"system":[149],"requiring":[150],"human-like":[151],"conversational":[152],"engagement.":[153],"As":[154],"professionals,":[156],"we":[157],"recognize":[158],"imperative":[160],"stay":[162],"at":[163],"forefront":[165],"knowledge.":[167],"However,":[168],"keeping":[169],"abreast":[170],"rapid":[173],"evolution":[174],"technology":[177],"practically":[179],"unattainable,":[180],"and,":[181],"above":[182],"all,":[183],"understanding":[184],"its":[185],"limitations":[189],"remains":[190],"a":[191,202,221,251],"subject":[192],"ongoing":[194],"debate.":[195],"Consequently,":[196],"article":[198],"aims":[199],"provide":[201],"succinct":[203],"overview":[204],"recently":[207],"released":[208],"emphasizing":[210],"their":[211],"use":[213],"medicine.":[218],"Perspectives":[219],"more":[222,252,278],"range":[224],"safe":[226],"effective":[228],"also":[231],"discussed.":[232],"upcoming":[234],"evolutionary":[235],"leap":[236],"involves":[237],"transition":[239],"from":[240],"AI-powered":[242],"designed":[245],"answering":[247],"questions":[249],"versatile":[253],"practical":[255],"tool":[256],"providers":[259],"such":[260],"generalist":[262],"biomedical":[263],"AI":[264],"multimodal-based":[267],"calibrated":[268],"decision-making":[269],"processes.":[270],"On":[271],"other":[273],"hand,":[274],"development":[276],"accurate":[279],"partners":[282],"could":[283],"enhance":[284],"engagement,":[286],"offering":[287],"personalized":[288],"improving":[291],"chronic":[292],"disease":[293],"management.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":55}],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T08:28:00.272161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}