{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008870761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-1542-8","title":"Comparing Different Methods for Named Entity Recognition in Portuguese Neurology Text","display_name":"Comparing Different Methods for Named Entity Recognition in Portuguese Neurology Text","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008870761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-1542-8","mag":"3008870761","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32112285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-020-1542-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-1542-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050324885","display_name":"F\u00e1bio Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-5959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F\u00e1bio Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. fadcl@student.dei.uc.pt","Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-5959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. fadcl@student.dei.uc.pt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010197657","display_name":"C\u00e9sar Teixeira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-1211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9sar Teixeira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000489917","display_name":"Hugo Gon\u00e7alo Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Gon\u00e7alo Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Informatics and Systems, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050324885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90260729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"77","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.8604921698570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7968969345092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.7735254764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7444958090782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portuguese","display_name":"Portuguese","score":0.7270854115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6691451072692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5120949745178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.5006191730499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.49941396713256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.4507196545600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-record","display_name":"Medical record","score":0.44338458776474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43399083614349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.4310176372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3661617934703827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3530336618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.24638229608535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22543761134147644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.8604921698570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7968969345092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.7735254764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7444958090782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.7270854115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6691451072692871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5120949745178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.5006191730499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.49941396713256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.4507196545600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.44338458776474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43399083614349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.4310176372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3661617934703827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3530336618423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.24638229608535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22543761134147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009462","descriptor_name":"Neurology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009462","descriptor_name":"Neurology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009462","descriptor_name":"Neurology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011174","descriptor_name":"Portugal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011174","descriptor_name":"Portugal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011174","descriptor_name":"Portugal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-020-1542-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-1542-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32112285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32112285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24617899","https://openalex.org/W168564468","https://openalex.org/W2044905471","https://openalex.org/W2050626994","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2066564102","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2101609803","https://openalex.org/W2104752900","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2128011414","https://openalex.org/W2128535227","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2155744612","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2238966896","https://openalex.org/W2467995757","https://openalex.org/W2531908596","https://openalex.org/W2545122641","https://openalex.org/W2713413168","https://openalex.org/W2725541287","https://openalex.org/W2752413620","https://openalex.org/W2775549624","https://openalex.org/W2787045460","https://openalex.org/W2788784374","https://openalex.org/W2803437449","https://openalex.org/W2805211535","https://openalex.org/W2807141747","https://openalex.org/W2885828205","https://openalex.org/W2887256936","https://openalex.org/W2888074204","https://openalex.org/W2898665243","https://openalex.org/W2915704452","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963682821","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2970228048","https://openalex.org/W2970957030","https://openalex.org/W4252760725","https://openalex.org/W6600503824","https://openalex.org/W6600719526","https://openalex.org/W6830857627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964783010","https://openalex.org/W4250494529","https://openalex.org/W2399696375","https://openalex.org/W2061834489","https://openalex.org/W3088215229","https://openalex.org/W182104056","https://openalex.org/W45206245","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W11196620","https://openalex.org/W2132038179"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}