{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566588664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0662-7","title":"Spatial Fuzzy C Means and Expectation Maximization Algorithms with Bias Correction for Segmentation of MR Brain Images","display_name":"Spatial Fuzzy C Means and Expectation Maximization Algorithms with Bias Correction for Segmentation of MR Brain Images","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566588664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0662-7","mag":"2566588664","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27966093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-016-0662-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0662-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102809712","display_name":"R. Meena Prakash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121746","display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z31cn83","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Meena Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. S. R. Engineering College, Sivakasi, India. meenaprakash73@gmail.com","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. S. R. Engineering College, Sivakasi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. S. R. Engineering College, Sivakasi, India. meenaprakash73@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. S. R. Engineering College, Sivakasi, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081914658","display_name":"R. Shantha Selva Kumari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-7744"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Shantha Selva Kumari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102809712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121746"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.957767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6866046190261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6783650517463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.650894045829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5750854015350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5746805667877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.5632644295692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4660561978816986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.46326711773872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-probability","display_name":"Posterior probability","score":0.43611961603164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.390322208404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37437647581100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.22924962639808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21084055304527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.15793952345848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1065167486667633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6866046190261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6783650517463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.650894045829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5750854015350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5746805667877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5632644295692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4660561978816986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.46326711773872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57830394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079","display_name":"Posterior probability","level":3,"score":0.43611961603164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.390322208404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37437647581100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.22924962639808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21084055304527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.15793952345848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1065167486667633}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-016-0662-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-016-0662-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27966093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27966093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1474299582","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1916174714","https://openalex.org/W1944920186","https://openalex.org/W1957343200","https://openalex.org/W1968723779","https://openalex.org/W1975755501","https://openalex.org/W1975842137","https://openalex.org/W1984967058","https://openalex.org/W1990368529","https://openalex.org/W1993902086","https://openalex.org/W2004349848","https://openalex.org/W2006657917","https://openalex.org/W2019296853","https://openalex.org/W2030272513","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2064755014","https://openalex.org/W2075500778","https://openalex.org/W2092495060","https://openalex.org/W2101692804","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2118386984","https://openalex.org/W2135705692","https://openalex.org/W2137085347","https://openalex.org/W2150606601","https://openalex.org/W2161557710","https://openalex.org/W2167378745","https://openalex.org/W2183984143","https://openalex.org/W2444514730","https://openalex.org/W2514732394","https://openalex.org/W3129711340","https://openalex.org/W4212863985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W2553519758","https://openalex.org/W4244110343"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}