{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2252381252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0428-7","title":"Lopinavir Resistance Classification with Imbalanced Data Using Probabilistic Neural Networks","display_name":"Lopinavir Resistance Classification with Imbalanced Data Using Probabilistic Neural Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2252381252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0428-7","mag":"2252381252","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26733278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-015-0428-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0428-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089387431","display_name":"Let\u00edcia Martins Raposo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-5582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Let\u00edcia M. Raposo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. raposo@peb.ufrj.br","Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. raposo@peb.ufrj.br","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112748390","display_name":"M\u00f4nica Arruda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00f4nica B. Arruda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076835823","display_name":"Rodrigo Brindeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-4094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo M. de Brindeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074864720","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Fonseca Nobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio F. Nobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089387431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92723654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lopinavir","display_name":"Lopinavir","score":0.6859997510910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.6494235992431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6451203227043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6283445954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5601511597633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-neural-network","display_name":"Probabilistic neural network","score":0.525634229183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.522494375705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.515798807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47594666481018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.43209007382392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.418915331363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3825411796569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-immunodeficiency-virus","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","score":0.34483590722084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33395999670028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2780006229877472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","score":0.2561033070087433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-load","display_name":"Viral load","score":0.17607656121253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14641684293746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.13619399070739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.09086152911186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.08253160119056702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777182164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422585","display_name":"Lopinavir","level":5,"score":0.6859997510910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.6494235992431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6451203227043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6283445954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5601511597633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134342201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246859","display_name":"Probabilistic neural network","level":4,"score":0.525634229183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.522494375705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.515798807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47594666481018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.43209007382392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.418915331363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3825411796569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.34483590722084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33395999670028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2780006229877472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.2561033070087433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.17607656121253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14641684293746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.13619399070739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09086152911186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.08253160119056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024882","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024882","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024882","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061466","descriptor_name":"Lopinavir","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061466","descriptor_name":"Lopinavir","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061466","descriptor_name":"Lopinavir","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061466","descriptor_name":"Lopinavir","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061466","descriptor_name":"Lopinavir","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061466","descriptor_name":"Lopinavir","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-015-0428-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0428-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26733278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26733278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk0s825"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W241664662","https://openalex.org/W1584323946","https://openalex.org/W1880988703","https://openalex.org/W1964168965","https://openalex.org/W1964421503","https://openalex.org/W1965431569","https://openalex.org/W1985206542","https://openalex.org/W1988215875","https://openalex.org/W2021733025","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2054688372","https://openalex.org/W2076021613","https://openalex.org/W2078579418","https://openalex.org/W2103614420","https://openalex.org/W2117595928","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2128685318","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2144413761","https://openalex.org/W2145078917","https://openalex.org/W2154164013","https://openalex.org/W2154348803","https://openalex.org/W2182593161","https://openalex.org/W2187165435","https://openalex.org/W2465203504","https://openalex.org/W2591958468","https://openalex.org/W6686825414","https://openalex.org/W7029488957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135149361","https://openalex.org/W2409582997","https://openalex.org/W3084956028","https://openalex.org/W2131867753","https://openalex.org/W2064951444","https://openalex.org/W3127115635","https://openalex.org/W2058144505","https://openalex.org/W2067601295","https://openalex.org/W2576465868","https://openalex.org/W2154513334"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
