{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979599433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-008-9213-1","title":"Application of K- and Fuzzy c-Means for Color Segmentation of Thermal Infrared Breast Images","display_name":"Application of K- and Fuzzy c-Means for Color Segmentation of Thermal Infrared Breast Images","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979599433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-008-9213-1","mag":"1979599433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20192053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-008-9213-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-008-9213-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037530095","display_name":"Mahnaz Etehadtavakol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-1894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170013655","display_name":"Isfahan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00af3sa43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. EtehadTavakol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073203585","display_name":"S. Sadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170013655","display_name":"Isfahan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00af3sa43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Sadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031091803","display_name":"E. Y. K. Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146690","display_name":"National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04fp9fm22","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146690"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Y. K. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adjunct NUH Scientist, Office of Biomedical Research, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50,  Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adjunct NUH Scientist, Office of Biomedical Research, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146690"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50,  Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031091803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I4210146690"],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84274709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7449055910110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7086473107337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6134346723556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.559156060218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.552952766418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5203494429588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4793606400489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.46539294719696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.44669270515441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2565217614173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.21060311794281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20878544449806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.09075802564620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08543035387992859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7449055910110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7086473107337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6134346723556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.559156060218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.552952766418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5203494429588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4793606400489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.46539294719696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.44669270515441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2565217614173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.21060311794281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20878544449806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09075802564620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08543035387992859}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007259","descriptor_name":"Infrared Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013817","descriptor_name":"Thermography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013817","descriptor_name":"Thermography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013817","descriptor_name":"Thermography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10916-008-9213-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-008-9213-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37151855","display_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","issn_l":"0148-5598","issn":["0148-5598","1573-689X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20192053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20192053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73036551","https://openalex.org/W142481343","https://openalex.org/W173494082","https://openalex.org/W1488813956","https://openalex.org/W1503634031","https://openalex.org/W1508853606","https://openalex.org/W1611682757","https://openalex.org/W1780014767","https://openalex.org/W1840281544","https://openalex.org/W1948181060","https://openalex.org/W1971133223","https://openalex.org/W1975030698","https://openalex.org/W2002371434","https://openalex.org/W2011844065","https://openalex.org/W2034070506","https://openalex.org/W2037354558","https://openalex.org/W2072887090","https://openalex.org/W2088068511","https://openalex.org/W2089933214","https://openalex.org/W2098990330","https://openalex.org/W2103868202","https://openalex.org/W2107032759","https://openalex.org/W2109718025","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2116654172","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2133643452","https://openalex.org/W2142446879","https://openalex.org/W2497291658","https://openalex.org/W2545861178","https://openalex.org/W4239526824","https://openalex.org/W4307023419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375584271","https://openalex.org/W1997105855","https://openalex.org/W2374614594","https://openalex.org/W4301030387","https://openalex.org/W2414286769","https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W2013223288","https://openalex.org/W2391549584","https://openalex.org/W2037827305","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
