{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127090269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0","title":"An Active Contour Model for Silhouette Vectorization using B\u00e9zier Curves","display_name":"An Active Contour Model for Silhouette Vectorization using B\u00e9zier Curves","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127090269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66221708","display_name":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision","issn_l":"0924-9907","issn":["0924-9907","1573-7683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124840384","display_name":"Luis Alvarez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica y Sistemas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica y Sistemas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124757020","display_name":"Jean-Michel Morel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165488957","display_name":"Lingnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0563pg902","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Michel Morel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Industrial Data Science, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Rd, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Industrial Data Science, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Rd, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124840384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2780},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14092894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.5572999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.5572999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.18440000712871552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.05660000070929527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silhouette","display_name":"Silhouette","score":0.9872000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vectorization","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","score":0.8353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-contour-model","display_name":"Active contour model","score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent","display_name":"Tangent","score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contour-line","display_name":"Contour line","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent-vector","display_name":"Tangent vector","score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4474000036716461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.9872000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41681595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917855","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112353826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127313","display_name":"Active contour model","level":4,"score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138187205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131251","display_name":"Tangent","level":2,"score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5468999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86069527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6653802","display_name":"Contour line","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47890412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1179296","display_name":"Tangent vector","level":3,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118732077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273176","display_name":"Normal","level":3,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157157409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909601","display_name":"Tangent space","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93058836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453572","display_name":"Chain code","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29123130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874709","display_name":"Computational geometry","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66221708","display_name":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision","issn_l":"0924-9907","issn":["0924-9907","1573-7683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10851-026-01282-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66221708","display_name":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision","issn_l":"0924-9907","issn":["0924-9907","1573-7683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323811","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127090269.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127090269.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545062304","https://openalex.org/W1556429568","https://openalex.org/W1569898588","https://openalex.org/W1775475380","https://openalex.org/W1861172755","https://openalex.org/W1864651887","https://openalex.org/W1968647136","https://openalex.org/W1970144710","https://openalex.org/W1983633249","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W2023950391","https://openalex.org/W2038825728","https://openalex.org/W2042597321","https://openalex.org/W2045503467","https://openalex.org/W2069266256","https://openalex.org/W2070034491","https://openalex.org/W2085669305","https://openalex.org/W2087353192","https://openalex.org/W2089503490","https://openalex.org/W2096201928","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2109973988","https://openalex.org/W2114487471","https://openalex.org/W2115931016","https://openalex.org/W2137722745","https://openalex.org/W2145803225","https://openalex.org/W2147427282","https://openalex.org/W2155280009","https://openalex.org/W2159152281","https://openalex.org/W2163775665","https://openalex.org/W2163844249","https://openalex.org/W2207928131","https://openalex.org/W2474143829","https://openalex.org/W2482487383","https://openalex.org/W2544610656","https://openalex.org/W2614844926","https://openalex.org/W2771008866","https://openalex.org/W2794246011","https://openalex.org/W2966583823","https://openalex.org/W3126753585","https://openalex.org/W3132446285","https://openalex.org/W3136398160","https://openalex.org/W3194499839","https://openalex.org/W3202877711","https://openalex.org/W3211330693","https://openalex.org/W4229370384","https://openalex.org/W4286611322","https://openalex.org/W4308234122","https://openalex.org/W4312457448","https://openalex.org/W4317103690","https://openalex.org/W4380364814","https://openalex.org/W4386597011","https://openalex.org/W4404161169"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"paper,":[3],"we":[4,25,131],"propose":[5],"an":[6,98],"active":[7,54,85],"contour":[8,55,86],"model":[9,56,87],"for":[10,133],"silhouette":[11,51,91,111],"vectorization":[12,92,115,128],"using":[13],"cubic":[14],"B\u00e9zier":[15,23,47,62,81,146],"curves.":[16],"Among":[17],"the":[18,22,33,36,43,46,50,53,58,61,66,69,73,77,80,90,106,110,118,145],"end":[19,64],"points":[20,31,75],"of":[21,35,45,60,68,79],"curves,":[24],"distinguish":[26],"between":[27,109],"corner":[28],"and":[29,76,113,125],"regular":[30,74],"where":[32],"orientation":[34,67],"tangent":[37,70],"vector":[38],"is":[39],"prescribed.":[40],"By":[41],"minimizing":[42],"distance":[44,108],"curves":[48,147],"to":[49,140],"boundary,":[52],"optimizes":[57],"location":[59],"curve":[63,82],"points,":[65],"vectors":[71],"in":[72],"estimation":[78],"parameters.":[83],"This":[84],"can":[88],"use":[89],"obtained":[93,116],"by":[94,117,148],"any":[95],"method":[96,103,136],"as":[97],"initial":[99],"guess.":[100],"The":[101],"proposed":[102],"significantly":[104],"reduces":[105],"average":[107],"boundary":[112],"its":[114],"world-class":[119],"graphic":[120],"software":[121],"Inkscape,":[122],"Adobe":[123],"Illustrator":[124],"a":[126],"curvature-based":[127],"method,":[129],"which":[130],"introduce":[132],"comparison.":[134],"Our":[135],"also":[137],"allows":[138],"us":[139],"impose":[141],"additional":[142],"regularity":[143],"on":[144],"reducing":[149],"their":[150],"lengths.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
