{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206933963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","title":"A Review of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Applications, Architectural Design and Control Algorithms","display_name":"A Review of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Applications, Architectural Design and Control Algorithms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206933963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91329792","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems","issn_l":"0921-0296","issn":["0921-0296","1573-0409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045528882","display_name":"Moad Idrissi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-3180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moad Idrissi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-3180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087124010","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Salami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-5398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Salami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043792491","display_name":"Fawaz Annaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawaz Annaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045528882"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":28.986,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":325,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99955576,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combatant","display_name":"Combatant","score":0.6001423597335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.5395559072494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5343771576881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.5211689472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4681404232978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4418552815914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.37338683009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.3655046820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.300220787525177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778638182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414937","display_name":"Combatant","level":2,"score":0.6001423597335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.5395559072494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5343771576881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.5211689472198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4681404232978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4418552815914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.37338683009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3655046820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.300220787525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91329792","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems","issn_l":"0921-0296","issn":["0921-0296","1573-0409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk:12591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402654","display_name":"BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","host_organization_name":"Birmingham City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/5c87c087-3eef-4041-86ee-0f92873e5318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/5c87c087-3eef-4041-86ee-0f92873e5318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Idrissi , M , Salami , M & Annaz , F 2022 , ' A Review of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles : Applications, Architectural Design and Control Algorithms ' , Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications , vol. 104 , no. 2 , 22 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10846-021-01527-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91329792","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems","issn_l":"0921-0296","issn":["0921-0296","1573-0409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206933963.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206933963.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246813214","https://openalex.org/W1503135013","https://openalex.org/W1537842733","https://openalex.org/W1567463184","https://openalex.org/W1576721254","https://openalex.org/W1588293909","https://openalex.org/W1615129768","https://openalex.org/W1645798530","https://openalex.org/W1647208116","https://openalex.org/W1655533683","https://openalex.org/W1702376673","https://openalex.org/W1980982306","https://openalex.org/W1981649566","https://openalex.org/W1983741115","https://openalex.org/W1990442206","https://openalex.org/W1991145997","https://openalex.org/W2002714320","https://openalex.org/W2003688959","https://openalex.org/W2007466149","https://openalex.org/W2017729175","https://openalex.org/W2018855542","https://openalex.org/W2027915747","https://openalex.org/W2028518490","https://openalex.org/W2035060478","https://openalex.org/W2038307852","https://openalex.org/W2038730444","https://openalex.org/W2042106612","https://openalex.org/W2043151145","https://openalex.org/W2051155887","https://openalex.org/W2056581689","https://openalex.org/W2057382195","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W2062127139","https://openalex.org/W2066823530","https://openalex.org/W2072093554","https://openalex.org/W2072094721","https://openalex.org/W2076050257","https://openalex.org/W2081912483","https://openalex.org/W2084968155","https://openalex.org/W2089908769","https://openalex.org/W2100544198","https://openalex.org/W2103807413","https://openalex.org/W2104797388","https://openalex.org/W2105235446","https://openalex.org/W2119641746","https://openalex.org/W2122993410","https://openalex.org/W2125696164","https://openalex.org/W2128633038","https://openalex.org/W2131246139","https://openalex.org/W2135348458","https://openalex.org/W2135836082","https://openalex.org/W2137570966","https://openalex.org/W2147161908","https://openalex.org/W2160823306","https://openalex.org/W2163198877","https://openalex.org/W2163395004","https://openalex.org/W2165771902","https://openalex.org/W2167395957","https://openalex.org/W2168694822","https://openalex.org/W2169677720","https://openalex.org/W2183361685","https://openalex.org/W2188193510","https://openalex.org/W2188914230","https://openalex.org/W2212323201","https://openalex.org/W2236803213","https://openalex.org/W2253179949","https://openalex.org/W2271056492","https://openalex.org/W2315522507","https://openalex.org/W2326948840","https://openalex.org/W2395047452","https://openalex.org/W2427581455","https://openalex.org/W2465878017","https://openalex.org/W2508046160","https://openalex.org/W2511647638","https://openalex.org/W2526211909","https://openalex.org/W2544041682","https://openalex.org/W2551843642","https://openalex.org/W2552824065","https://openalex.org/W2556903900","https://openalex.org/W2562652290","https://openalex.org/W2568272884","https://openalex.org/W2582157611","https://openalex.org/W2608726595","https://openalex.org/W2610728744","https://openalex.org/W2612913288","https://openalex.org/W2615612960","https://openalex.org/W2625032706","https://openalex.org/W2701381375","https://openalex.org/W2738304489","https://openalex.org/W2750909994","https://openalex.org/W2755472339","https://openalex.org/W2755878296","https://openalex.org/W2762040941","https://openalex.org/W2769926712","https://openalex.org/W2782987273","https://openalex.org/W2783784301","https://openalex.org/W2784064093","https://openalex.org/W2785322937","https://openalex.org/W2787561517","https://openalex.org/W2790336283","https://openalex.org/W2802186565","https://openalex.org/W2811016277","https://openalex.org/W2843209729","https://openalex.org/W2857208914","https://openalex.org/W2887277584","https://openalex.org/W2892227444","https://openalex.org/W2905560833","https://openalex.org/W2907275873","https://openalex.org/W2913162568","https://openalex.org/W2913821964","https://openalex.org/W2942718073","https://openalex.org/W2944532051","https://openalex.org/W2947442691","https://openalex.org/W2970191971","https://openalex.org/W2991565663","https://openalex.org/W3006675325","https://openalex.org/W3087155329","https://openalex.org/W3163699750","https://openalex.org/W3175631742","https://openalex.org/W3196413277","https://openalex.org/W4213313210","https://openalex.org/W6607587766","https://openalex.org/W6690323224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2408625498","https://openalex.org/W4252062074","https://openalex.org/W4232828791","https://openalex.org/W2887130920","https://openalex.org/W1440918713","https://openalex.org/W2805349488","https://openalex.org/W2990912121","https://openalex.org/W2089134126","https://openalex.org/W1522672041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Over":[1],"the":[2,57,65,93,109,129],"past":[3],"decade,":[4],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicles":[7],"(UAVs)":[8],"have":[9,73],"received":[10],"a":[11,33,40,53,102],"significant":[12],"attention":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,31,106],"their":[16],"diverse":[17],"capabilities":[18],"for":[19,37,101],"non-combatant":[20],"and":[21,69,81,86,98],"military":[22],"applications.":[23],"The":[24,48,76],"primary":[25],"aim":[26],"of":[27,43,56,64,131],"this":[28,107,124],"study":[29],"is":[30],"unveil":[32],"clear":[34],"categorization":[35],"overview":[36,55],"more":[38],"than":[39],"decade":[41],"worth":[42],"substantial":[44],"progress":[45],"in":[46],"UAVs.":[47],"paper":[49,77],"will":[50,78,113],"begin":[51],"with":[52],"general":[54],"advancements,":[58],"followed":[59,90],"by":[60,91,128],"an":[61],"up-to-date":[62],"explanation":[63],"different":[66],"mechanical":[67,137],"structures":[68],"technical":[70],"elements":[71],"that":[72],"been":[74],"included.":[75],"then":[79],"explore":[80],"examine":[82],"various":[83],"vertical":[84],"take-off":[85],"landing":[87],"(VTOL)":[88],"configurations,":[89],"expressing":[92],"dynamics,":[94],"applicable":[95],"simulation":[96],"tools":[97],"control":[99,134],"strategies":[100],"Quadrotor.":[103],"In":[104],"conclusion":[105],"review,":[108],"dynamic":[110],"system":[111],"presented":[112],"always":[114],"face":[115],"limitations":[116],"such":[117],"as":[118],"internal":[119],"and/or":[120],"external":[121],"disturbances.":[122],"Hence,":[123],"can":[125],"be":[126],"minimised":[127],"choice":[130],"introducing":[132],"appropriate":[133],"techniques":[135],"or":[136],"enhancements.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}