{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390049612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","title":"Real-time monitoring and quality assurance for laser-based directed energy deposition: integrating co-axial imaging and self-supervised deep learning framework","display_name":"Real-time monitoring and quality assurance for laser-based directed energy deposition: integrating co-axial imaging and self-supervised deep learning framework","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390049612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161464388","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing","issn_l":"0956-5515","issn":["0956-5515","1572-8145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064013503","display_name":"Vigneashwara Pandiyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-5696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","display_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x681a42","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vigneashwara Pandiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-5696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101444445","display_name":"Di Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-2967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","display_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x681a42","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044325288","display_name":"R. Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-6421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","display_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x681a42","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Axel Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033597801","display_name":"Annapaola Parrilli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0251-5094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","display_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x681a42","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annapaola Parrilli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for X-Ray Analytics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), 8600, D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for X-Ray Analytics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), 8600, D\u00fcbendorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034348047","display_name":"Marc Leparoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-6338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","display_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x681a42","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Leparoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 3602, Thun, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064013503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":4.2835,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96066658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"909","last_page":"933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6405422687530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assurance","display_name":"Quality assurance","score":0.5528339147567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5214080810546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.515877366065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5114168524742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49770453572273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4417503774166107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42419862747192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4226924180984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2881172299385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10779768228530884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6405422687530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.5528339147567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5214080810546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.515877366065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5114168524742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49770453572273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4417503774166107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42419862747192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4226924180984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2881172299385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10779768228530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778618615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008393","display_name":"External quality assessment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161464388","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing","issn_l":"0956-5515","issn":["0956-5515","1572-8145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:joinma:v:36:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s10845-023-02279-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:empa_36774","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/empa/islandora/object/empa%3A36774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401298","display_name":"DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10845-023-02279-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161464388","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing","issn_l":"0956-5515","issn":["0956-5515","1572-8145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390049612.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861959398","https://openalex.org/W1968672758","https://openalex.org/W1979123059","https://openalex.org/W2010295903","https://openalex.org/W2013039010","https://openalex.org/W2014795298","https://openalex.org/W2033167009","https://openalex.org/W2037082046","https://openalex.org/W2040770262","https://openalex.org/W2043479890","https://openalex.org/W2051955357","https://openalex.org/W2054338803","https://openalex.org/W2057963448","https://openalex.org/W2062648832","https://openalex.org/W2069143542","https://openalex.org/W2070089136","https://openalex.org/W2073747029","https://openalex.org/W2085678466","https://openalex.org/W2099540110","https://openalex.org/W2269272287","https://openalex.org/W2329099243","https://openalex.org/W2518972490","https://openalex.org/W2597780133","https://openalex.org/W2744484541","https://openalex.org/W2772940940","https://openalex.org/W2790856428","https://openalex.org/W2799328997","https://openalex.org/W2800489628","https://openalex.org/W2800777551","https://openalex.org/W2885960709","https://openalex.org/W2887547880","https://openalex.org/W2888026150","https://openalex.org/W2897321336","https://openalex.org/W2901257518","https://openalex.org/W2921846470","https://openalex.org/W2942071229","https://openalex.org/W2946987235","https://openalex.org/W2954815486","https://openalex.org/W2979798188","https://openalex.org/W2981055053","https://openalex.org/W2998960233","https://openalex.org/W3011515281","https://openalex.org/W3015167968","https://openalex.org/W3017456865","https://openalex.org/W3025171962","https://openalex.org/W3035060554","https://openalex.org/W3037845248","https://openalex.org/W3048977620","https://openalex.org/W3088994108","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3096074169","https://openalex.org/W3114632476","https://openalex.org/W3135824703","https://openalex.org/W3177730877","https://openalex.org/W3182130437","https://openalex.org/W3192346900","https://openalex.org/W4205680792","https://openalex.org/W4210436948","https://openalex.org/W4280512575","https://openalex.org/W4281629440","https://openalex.org/W4283754863","https://openalex.org/W4285072228","https://openalex.org/W4285127481","https://openalex.org/W4289877761","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4296071466","https://openalex.org/W4298006522","https://openalex.org/W4299528757","https://openalex.org/W4353041047","https://openalex.org/W4363649849","https://openalex.org/W4365144723","https://openalex.org/W4380200830","https://openalex.org/W4388461427","https://openalex.org/W6739558643","https://openalex.org/W6929213661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4389096689","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Artificial":[1],"Intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,81,98,115,195],"promising":[8],"solution":[9],"for":[10,44,140,210],"real-time":[11,158],"monitoring":[12,71,170,226],"of":[13,16,83,91,130,154,161,168,179,187,202,222],"the":[14,26,89,109,124,127,150,166,177,200,203,220],"quality":[15,159,178,231],"additively":[17],"manufactured":[18],"(AM)":[19],"metallic":[20,181],"parts.":[21],"This":[22,163],"study":[23,164],"focuses":[24],"on":[25,51,80],"Laser-based":[27],"Directed":[28],"Energy":[29],"Deposition":[30],"(L-DED)":[31],"process":[32,61,67,84,125,131,142,217],"and":[33,55,107,152,172,191,213],"utilizes":[34],"embedded":[35,188],"vision":[36,189],"systems":[37,171,190],"to":[38,60],"capture":[39],"critical":[40],"melt":[41],"pool":[42],"characteristics":[43],"continuous":[45],"monitoring.":[46,143],"Two":[47],"self-learning":[48,155,173,192],"frameworks":[49],"based":[50,79],"Convolutional":[52],"Neural":[53],"Networks":[54],"Transformer":[56],"architecture":[57],"are":[58,134],"applied":[59],"zone":[62,85,132],"images":[63,86,133],"from":[64],"different":[65],"DED":[66],"regimes,":[68],"enabling":[69],"in-situ":[70],"without":[72],"ground":[73],"truth":[74],"information.":[75],"The":[76,144,185,206],"evaluation":[77],"is":[78],"dataset":[82],"obtained":[87],"during":[88,183,232],"deposition":[90],"titanium":[92],"powder":[93],"(Cp-Ti,":[94],"grade":[95],"1),":[96],"forming":[97],"cube":[99],"geometry":[100],"using":[101,114],"four":[102],"laser":[103],"regimes.":[104],"By":[105],"training":[106],"evaluating":[108],"Deep":[110],"Learning":[111],"(DL)":[112],"algorithms":[113,174,193],"co-axially":[116],"mounted":[117],"Charged":[118],"Couple":[119],"Device":[120],"(CCD)":[121],"camera":[122],"within":[123],"zone,":[126],"down-sampled":[128],"representations":[129],"effectively":[135],"used":[136],"with":[137],"conventional":[138],"classifiers":[139],"L-DED":[141,204],"high":[145],"classification":[146],"accuracies":[147],"achieved":[148],"validate":[149],"feasibility":[151],"efficacy":[153],"strategies":[156],"in":[157,175,199,215,224,228],"assessment":[160],"AM.":[162],"highlights":[165],"potential":[167],"AI-based":[169],"quantifying":[176],"AM":[180,216],"parts":[182],"fabrication.":[184,233],"integration":[186],"presents":[194],"novel":[196],"contribution,":[197],"particularly":[198],"context":[201],"process.":[205],"findings":[207],"open":[208],"avenues":[209],"further":[211],"research":[212],"development":[214],"monitoring,":[218],"emphasizing":[219],"importance":[221],"self-supervised":[223],"situ":[225],"techniques":[227],"ensuring":[229],"part":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
