{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137078596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-026-01036-9","title":"DRGO:dynamic retrieval and generation optimization based on fine-grained confidence evaluation","display_name":"DRGO:dynamic retrieval and generation optimization based on fine-grained confidence evaluation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137078596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-026-01036-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10844-026-01036-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-026-01036-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36033921","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","issn_l":"0925-9902","issn":["0925-9902","1573-7675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123808055","display_name":"Ziqi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117826","display_name":"Hebei University of Environmental Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjyz323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154792","display_name":"Virtual Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054grzz74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123797759","display_name":"Tianyu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117826","display_name":"Hebei University of Environmental Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjyz323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154792","display_name":"Virtual Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054grzz74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129475717","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117826","display_name":"Hebei University of Environmental Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjyz323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154792","display_name":"Virtual Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054grzz74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129597206","display_name":"Yuxuan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117826","display_name":"Hebei University of Environmental Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjyz323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154792","display_name":"Virtual Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054grzz74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123779051","display_name":"Huaxiao Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117826","display_name":"Hebei University of Environmental Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjyz323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154792","display_name":"Virtual Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054grzz74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaxiao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129435253","display_name":"Jianzhou Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117826","display_name":"Hebei University of Environmental Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjyz323","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154792","display_name":"Virtual Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054grzz74","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhou Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence (School of Software), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, 066004, HeBei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129435253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907","https://openalex.org/I4210117826","https://openalex.org/I4210154792"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30914969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"4","first_page":"1557","last_page":"1579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8360000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8360000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.029600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6524999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.31839999556541443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6524999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10844-026-01036-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-026-01036-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36033921","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","issn_l":"0925-9902","issn":["0925-9902","1573-7675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4388778348","https://openalex.org/W4389520468","https://openalex.org/W4409363988","https://openalex.org/W4411674210","https://openalex.org/W4414250350"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00"}