{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415024776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y","title":"Handling complex backgrounds and light perturbations for enhancing learning tasks from images of vegetables","display_name":"Handling complex backgrounds and light perturbations for enhancing learning tasks from images of vegetables","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415024776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36033921","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","issn_l":"0925-9902","issn":["0925-9902","1573-7675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087733344","display_name":"Stefano Polimena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2181-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152452","display_name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per l'Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8v5y65","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Polimena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Lab., National Interuniversity Consortium for Informatics, Via Amendola 122/D, Rome, 70126, Italy","Dept. of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Lab., National Interuniversity Consortium for Informatics, Via Amendola 122/D, Rome, 70126, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059781945","display_name":"Gianvito Pio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-3616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152452","display_name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per l'Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8v5y65","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianvito Pio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Lab., National Interuniversity Consortium for Informatics, Via Amendola 122/D, Rome, 70126, Italy","Dept. of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Lab., National Interuniversity Consortium for Informatics, Via Amendola 122/D, Rome, 70126, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061243366","display_name":"G. Attolico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-1200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146308","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/051t1q308","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146308","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Attolico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ariosto 25, Bari, 00185, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ariosto 25, Bari, 00185, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210146308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073750332","display_name":"Michelangelo Ceci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-7583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152452","display_name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per l'Informatica","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8v5y65","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT","SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelangelo Ceci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Lab., National Interuniversity Consortium for Informatics, Via Amendola 122/D, Rome, 70126, Italy","Dept. of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy","Dept. of Knowledge Technologies, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Lab., National Interuniversity Consortium for Informatics, Via Amendola 122/D, Rome, 70126, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Knowledge Technologies, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087733344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152452","https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":1.9902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89511827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"1","first_page":"215","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9196000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8632000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6801999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6103000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-histogram","display_name":"Color histogram","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-inspection","display_name":"Visual inspection","score":0.39719998836517334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8632000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8184000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6801999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6103000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12043971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2636542","display_name":"Color histogram","level":5,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168820333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448889","display_name":"Visual inspection","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44404184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148620","display_name":"Color normalization","level":5,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777385505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396469","display_name":"Color analysis","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36033921","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","issn_l":"0925-9902","issn":["0925-9902","1573-7675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10844-025-00984-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36033921","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","issn_l":"0925-9902","issn":["0925-9902","1573-7675"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415024776.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010043809","https://openalex.org/W2015966799","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2726408216","https://openalex.org/W2775047687","https://openalex.org/W2904904686","https://openalex.org/W2909444216","https://openalex.org/W2942117263","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W3004999940","https://openalex.org/W3007918442","https://openalex.org/W3015135619","https://openalex.org/W3025800305","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3131318366","https://openalex.org/W3184038019","https://openalex.org/W3217381689","https://openalex.org/W4205569741","https://openalex.org/W4206236431","https://openalex.org/W4220970872","https://openalex.org/W4281483541","https://openalex.org/W4288460555","https://openalex.org/W4292838570","https://openalex.org/W4318621307","https://openalex.org/W4320035277","https://openalex.org/W4323545743","https://openalex.org/W4366282336","https://openalex.org/W4372291603","https://openalex.org/W4385412013","https://openalex.org/W4387537331","https://openalex.org/W4388923763","https://openalex.org/W4389088525","https://openalex.org/W4389327454","https://openalex.org/W4389331510","https://openalex.org/W4389415226","https://openalex.org/W4399715125"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,179],"quality":[2,74],"assessment":[3],"of":[4,76,93,100,106,136,148,177,210],"fruits":[5],"and":[6,23,39,133,191,218],"vegetables":[7],"is":[8,161,181],"crucial":[9],"in":[10,56,72],"the":[11,42,63,73,97,104,137,146,149,184,208,211],"agroalimentary":[12],"supply":[13],"chain,":[14],"as":[15,47],"it":[16],"directly":[17],"affects":[18],"consumer":[19],"satisfaction,":[20],"market":[21],"value":[22],"overall":[24],"food":[25],"security.":[26],"Traditional":[27],"approaches":[28],"rely":[29],"on":[30,128,197,223],"visual":[31],"inspections":[32],"or":[33],"destructive":[34],"techniques,":[35],"which":[36,160],"are":[37,140],"labor-intensive":[38],"time-consuming.":[40],"On":[41],"contrary,":[43],"non-destructive":[44],"techniques":[45],"emerged":[46],"promising":[48],"alternatives,":[49],"offering":[50],"solutions":[51],"that":[52,62,85,139,214],"can":[53],"be":[54],"adopted":[55],"real":[57],"environments.":[58],"Previous":[59],"studies":[60],"emphasized":[61],"color":[64,158,172,192],"distribution":[65],"over":[66],"images":[67,108],"plays":[68],"a":[69,83,114,124,156],"significant":[70],"role":[71],"evaluation":[75],"food.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79,152],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,112,122,154],"propose":[82,123],"solution":[84],"leverages":[86],"an":[87,164],"autoencoder":[88,165],"architecture":[89,117],"to":[90,131,163,167,182,189,202],"extract":[91,155,168],"groups":[92,173],"relevant":[94],"colors":[95],"from":[96],"complete":[98,157],"histogram":[99,159],"colors.":[101],"To":[102],"enhance":[103],"analysis":[105],"real-world":[107,199],"with":[109],"complex":[110,224],"backgrounds,":[111],"employ":[113],"pre-trained":[115],"U2-Net":[116],"for":[118],"background":[119,138],"removal.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"novel":[125],"procedure":[126],"based":[127,222],"outlier":[129],"detection":[130],"identify":[132],"remove":[134],"parts":[135],"not":[141],"fully":[142],"eliminated,":[143],"especially":[144],"along":[145],"edges":[147],"product.":[150],"After":[151],"preprocessing,":[153],"fed":[162],"architecture,":[166],"high-level":[169],"features":[170],"representing":[171],"at":[174],"different":[175,204],"levels":[176],"granularity.":[178],"goal":[180],"make":[183],"learned":[185],"models":[186],"less":[187],"sensitive":[188],"light":[190],"perturbations.":[193],"Our":[194],"experiments,":[195],"conducted":[196],"two":[198,203],"datasets":[200],"related":[201],"learning":[205],"tasks,":[206],"demonstrated":[207],"effectiveness":[209],"proposed":[212],"solution,":[213],"outperformed":[215],"several":[216],"baseline":[217],"state-of-the-art":[219],"approaches,":[220],"also":[221],"neural":[225],"network":[226],"architectures.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
