{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366989101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z","title":"Increased Detection of Hard-to-Detect Stuck-at Faults during Scan Shift","display_name":"Increased Detection of Hard-to-Detect Stuck-at Faults during Scan Shift","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366989101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200807567","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Testing","issn_l":"0923-8174","issn":["0923-8174","1573-0727"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Testing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005680489","display_name":"Hui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-4023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, 75205, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-4023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, 75205, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078082966","display_name":"Fanchen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135428043","display_name":"Cisco Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanchen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cisco Systems, Inc., Cisco Building 16, 3700 Cisco Way, San Jose, 95134, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco Systems, Inc., Cisco Building 16, 3700 Cisco Way, San Jose, 95134, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135428043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044465911","display_name":"Jennifer Dworak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Dworak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, 75205, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, 75205, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084404179","display_name":"Kundan Nepal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-3393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161515732","display_name":"University of St. Thomas - Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfxvp80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kundan Nepal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, 55105, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, 55105, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089924197","display_name":"Theodore W. Manikas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-9815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore Manikas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, 75205, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Southern Methodist University, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, 75205, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005680489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.2992,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.463121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"227","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.6354239583015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.6188382506370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5739468336105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5203434824943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5142273902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49785399436950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-test-pattern-generation","display_name":"Automatic test pattern generation","score":0.48988741636276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.48862797021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.4707266390323639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shift-register","display_name":"Shift register","score":0.4501141309738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.42954108119010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33073145151138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2694321870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.21012184023857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1109362244606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08180496096611023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.6354239583015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.6188382506370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5739468336105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5203434824943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5142273902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49785399436950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17626397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837455","display_name":"Automatic test pattern generation","level":3,"score":0.48988741636276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.48862797021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4707266390323639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49654631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746165","display_name":"Shift register","level":3,"score":0.4501141309738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42954108119010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33073145151138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2694321870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.21012184023857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1109362244606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08180496096611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200807567","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Testing","issn_l":"0923-8174","issn":["0923-8174","1573-0727"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Testing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10836-023-06060-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200807567","display_name":"Journal of Electronic Testing","issn_l":"0923-8174","issn":["0923-8174","1573-0727"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electronic Testing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318036","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366989101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366989101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1690611602","https://openalex.org/W1764763427","https://openalex.org/W1990971075","https://openalex.org/W1992984946","https://openalex.org/W2008990681","https://openalex.org/W2034030717","https://openalex.org/W2043769126","https://openalex.org/W2084635905","https://openalex.org/W2097509725","https://openalex.org/W2100118832","https://openalex.org/W2101900253","https://openalex.org/W2101930218","https://openalex.org/W2113528815","https://openalex.org/W2116906958","https://openalex.org/W2120447040","https://openalex.org/W2122687114","https://openalex.org/W2124025609","https://openalex.org/W2124692465","https://openalex.org/W2126643921","https://openalex.org/W2128855500","https://openalex.org/W2133505378","https://openalex.org/W2143799847","https://openalex.org/W2144570337","https://openalex.org/W2145799018","https://openalex.org/W2150987345","https://openalex.org/W2161068399","https://openalex.org/W2161824088","https://openalex.org/W2168915369","https://openalex.org/W2169447254","https://openalex.org/W2170907629","https://openalex.org/W2171908682","https://openalex.org/W2295435706","https://openalex.org/W2570554800","https://openalex.org/W2781852892","https://openalex.org/W2787191865","https://openalex.org/W2809016105","https://openalex.org/W2809543022","https://openalex.org/W2926843349","https://openalex.org/W2981249558","https://openalex.org/W2998486985","https://openalex.org/W3007016697","https://openalex.org/W3007653016","https://openalex.org/W3040510324","https://openalex.org/W3175707939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2340957901","https://openalex.org/W2115005577","https://openalex.org/W3147038789","https://openalex.org/W2154529098","https://openalex.org/W2150780157","https://openalex.org/W2024194466","https://openalex.org/W3148663848","https://openalex.org/W2156936759","https://openalex.org/W2097152714","https://openalex.org/W4366989101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Test":[1],"sets":[2,20,30,48],"that":[3,131,140],"target":[4],"standard":[5],"fault":[6,138],"models":[7],"may":[8],"not":[9],"always":[10],"be":[11,86],"sufficient":[12],"for":[13,21,94,100,113],"detecting":[14],"all":[15,33,146],"defects.":[16],"To":[17],"evaluate":[18],"test":[19,29,47],"the":[22,58,90,95,115,118,149,170,178],"detection":[23],"of":[24,60,92,117,125,145,172],"unmodeled":[25],"defects,":[26],"n":[27,38,45,93,126,155],"-detect":[28,46,156],"(which":[31],"detect":[32,72],"modeled":[34],"faults":[35,74,99,147],"at":[36],"least":[37,96],"times)":[39],"have":[40],"previously":[41],"been":[42],"proposed.":[43],"Unfortunately,":[44],"are":[49,110],"often":[50,152],"prohibitively":[51],"long.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54,173],"paper,":[55],"we":[56],"investigate":[57],"ability":[59],"shadow":[61],"flip-flops":[62,84,135],"connected":[63],"into":[64],"a":[65,133,142,160,165],"MISR":[66,119],"(Multiple":[67],"Input":[68],"Signature":[69],"Register)":[70],"to":[71,88,121,168],"stuck-at":[73,98],"fortuitously":[75,158],"multiple":[76],"times":[77],"during":[78],"scan":[79],"shift.":[80],"We":[81,104],"explore":[82],"which":[83,107],"should":[85],"shadowed":[87],"increase":[89],"value":[91],"detected":[97],"each":[101],"circuit":[102,108,150],"studied.":[103],"then":[105],"identify":[106],"characteristics":[109],"most":[111],"important":[112],"determining":[114],"cost":[116],"needed":[120],"achieve":[122,153],"high":[123,154],"values":[124],".":[127],"For":[128],"example,":[129],"circuits":[130],"contain":[132],"few":[134],"with":[136,159],"upstream":[137],"cones":[139],"cover":[141],"large":[143],"percentage":[144],"in":[148,177],"can":[151],"coverage":[157],"low-cost":[161],"MISR.":[162],"This":[163],"allows":[164],"DFT":[166],"engineer":[167],"predict":[169],"viability":[171],"MISR-based":[174],"approach":[175],"early":[176],"design":[179],"cycle.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
