{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000209478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","title":"Agents of responsibility\u2014freelance web developers in web applications development","display_name":"Agents of responsibility\u2014freelance web developers in web applications development","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000209478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","mag":"2000209478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181659395","display_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","issn_l":"1387-3326","issn":["1387-3326","1572-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085572215","display_name":"Malik Aleem Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malik Aleem Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy and Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands","Department of Philosophy and Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy and Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy and Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051851888","display_name":"Jeroen van den Hoven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2376-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen van den Hoven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Technology Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands","Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Technology Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085572215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.0276,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85404632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"415","last_page":"424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.7121750712394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5734647512435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5205822587013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5096306800842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.4954944849014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.4658653736114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4400365948677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4362587034702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-2.0","display_name":"Web 2.0","score":0.42260491847991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.40932756662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3846001625061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3469805121421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12677672505378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12171640992164612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7121750712394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5734647512435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5205822587013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5096306800842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.4954944849014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.4658653736114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4400365948677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4362587034702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136699151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131164","display_name":"Web 2.0","level":3,"score":0.42260491847991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40932756662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3846001625061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3469805121421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12677672505378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12171640992164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181659395","display_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","issn_l":"1387-3326","issn":["1387-3326","1572-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:542b098c-cfd5-4c68-8692-3ebdbc984894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:542b098c-cfd5-4c68-8692-3ebdbc984894","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:542b098c-cfd5-4c68-8692-3ebdbc984894","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Frontiers, 2009","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:infosf:v:12:y:2010:i:4:d:10.1007_s10796-009-9201-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10796-009-9201-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181659395","display_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","issn_l":"1387-3326","issn":["1387-3326","1572-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000209478.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000209478.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174417447","https://openalex.org/W203864288","https://openalex.org/W646359236","https://openalex.org/W1480385994","https://openalex.org/W1508429220","https://openalex.org/W1508898010","https://openalex.org/W1525106164","https://openalex.org/W1651200380","https://openalex.org/W1838502368","https://openalex.org/W1969953346","https://openalex.org/W1979817550","https://openalex.org/W1988753155","https://openalex.org/W1997608433","https://openalex.org/W2001890939","https://openalex.org/W2003287144","https://openalex.org/W2010245190","https://openalex.org/W2024974790","https://openalex.org/W2029920636","https://openalex.org/W2030461396","https://openalex.org/W2033229997","https://openalex.org/W2057118811","https://openalex.org/W2063475520","https://openalex.org/W2085596116","https://openalex.org/W2103793330","https://openalex.org/W2110467386","https://openalex.org/W2117497161","https://openalex.org/W2122911160","https://openalex.org/W2123239705","https://openalex.org/W2132263858","https://openalex.org/W2134593532","https://openalex.org/W2146808231","https://openalex.org/W2148587638","https://openalex.org/W2152398144","https://openalex.org/W2153594771","https://openalex.org/W2174691174","https://openalex.org/W2190951153","https://openalex.org/W2251084372","https://openalex.org/W2480410222","https://openalex.org/W2890382572","https://openalex.org/W2977270177","https://openalex.org/W3183765052","https://openalex.org/W4236137205","https://openalex.org/W4253076016","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297945402","https://openalex.org/W4301337978","https://openalex.org/W4302182894","https://openalex.org/W6631587618","https://openalex.org/W6768499043","https://openalex.org/W6996899273","https://openalex.org/W7039633069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390550764","https://openalex.org/W1540716905","https://openalex.org/W2937805521","https://openalex.org/W980488187","https://openalex.org/W2152183418","https://openalex.org/W63355289","https://openalex.org/W2116470944","https://openalex.org/W68102627","https://openalex.org/W2240677546","https://openalex.org/W2579128601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"of":[1,13,15,54,76,107,132],"the":[2,7,11,16,27,74,96,120],"literature":[3],"on":[4],"responsibility":[5,55,133],"in":[6,142],"IT":[8,17],"field":[9],"addresses":[10],"responsibilities":[12,28,108],"members":[14],"profession.":[18],"In":[19,119],"this":[20,69],"paper,":[21],"we":[22,71,122],"investigate":[23],"to":[24,34,95,138],"what":[25],"extent":[26],"associated":[29,114],"with":[30,115],"computing":[31],"practitioners":[32],"apply":[33],"freelance":[35,82,116,126],"web":[36,83,117,127,157],"developers.":[37,118],"The":[38],"relevant":[39],"moral":[40],"question":[41],"is":[42,62],"not":[43],"\u201ccan":[44],"freelancers":[45],"be":[46,113],"considered":[47],"as":[48,147],"professionals?\u201d,":[49],"but":[50],"\u201care":[51],"they":[52,58,65,144],"agents":[53,149],"and":[56,85,99,109,134,155,159],"can":[57,112,145],"cause":[59,93],"harm\u201d?":[60],"It":[61],"obvious":[63],"that":[64],"can.":[66],"To":[67],"justify":[68],"claim":[70],"will":[72,102,123],"take":[73],"case":[75],"using":[77],"free":[78],"malicious":[79],"code":[80],"by":[81],"developers":[84,128],"show":[86],"how":[87],"their":[88],"actions":[89],"or":[90],"omissions":[91],"may":[92],"harm":[94],"users,":[97],"clients":[98],"others.":[100],"We":[101],"then":[103],"identify":[104],"different":[105],"types":[106],"relationships,":[110],"which":[111,143],"end,":[121],"stress":[124],"that,":[125],"have":[129],"higher":[130],"form":[131],"should":[135],"actively":[136],"seek":[137],"bring":[139],"about":[140],"environments":[141],"function":[146],"responsible":[148],"aiming":[150],"at":[151],"developing":[152],"safe,":[153],"secure,":[154],"workable":[156],"applications":[158],"systems.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}