{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416791188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x","title":"Exploring EFL university teachers\u2019 perceptions of AI-generative tools in Saudi Arabia: a mixed-methods study","display_name":"Exploring EFL university teachers\u2019 perceptions of AI-generative tools in Saudi Arabia: a mixed-methods study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416791188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028408369","display_name":"Ali Abbas Falah Alzubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-9522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Abbas Falah Alzubi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, College of Languages and Translation, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, College of Languages and Translation, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015423071","display_name":"Ali S. Alelaiwi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali S. Alelaiwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, College of Languages and Translation, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, College of Languages and Translation, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028408369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6537,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75645331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.20080000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.20080000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.11410000175237656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14100","display_name":"Scientific Research and Technology","score":0.07859999686479568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiculturalism","display_name":"Multiculturalism","score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language","display_name":"English language","score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-language","display_name":"Foreign language","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-proficiency","display_name":"Language proficiency","score":0.3424000144004822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986378755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130192","display_name":"English as a foreign language","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2390977","display_name":"Language proficiency","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156393514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934800","display_name":"Multimethodology","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166007726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4536542","display_name":"Language assessment","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cff7cbdc9d004a4a9683301e9f9bd4f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cff7cbdc9d004a4a9683301e9f9bd4f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-27 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09793-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323502","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416791188.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416791188.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2062783840","https://openalex.org/W2948383108","https://openalex.org/W3006837908","https://openalex.org/W3179143844","https://openalex.org/W4317910584","https://openalex.org/W4319754774","https://openalex.org/W4321369174","https://openalex.org/W4322617812","https://openalex.org/W4323359867","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4360793310","https://openalex.org/W4362584541","https://openalex.org/W4381515719","https://openalex.org/W4383652786","https://openalex.org/W4384156431","https://openalex.org/W4385303098","https://openalex.org/W4386070266","https://openalex.org/W4386839994","https://openalex.org/W4386959594","https://openalex.org/W4387537125","https://openalex.org/W4388021359","https://openalex.org/W4388620422","https://openalex.org/W4389437528","https://openalex.org/W4391062543","https://openalex.org/W4391668179","https://openalex.org/W4399380889","https://openalex.org/W4399385257","https://openalex.org/W4399394929","https://openalex.org/W4406874048","https://openalex.org/W4412658888"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"birth":[1],"of":[2,32,59,123,125,132,184],"AI-generative":[3,34,96,133,144],"tools":[4,35,145],"must":[5],"support":[6],"English":[7,151],"as":[8,146],"a":[9,21,56,99,121,136],"foreign":[10],"language":[11,29,91,152],"(EFL)":[12],"teachers,":[13],"but":[14],"their":[15,81],"effective":[16],"integration":[17],"into":[18],"education":[19,105],"remains":[20],"challenge.":[22],"Therefore,":[23],"the":[24,73,84,89,118,176,180],"study":[25,177],"aims":[26],"to":[27,78,83,88,149,168],"identify":[28],"teachers\u2019":[30],"perceptions":[31],"using":[33],"in":[36,186],"improving":[37],"teaching.":[38],"In":[39,116],"this":[40],"descriptive-survey":[41],"method,":[42],"an":[43],"explanatory":[44],"mixed":[45],"methods":[46],"research":[47,193],"design":[48,63,107],"was":[49],"used;":[50],"(84)":[51],"EFL":[52,104,187],"multicultural":[53],"teachers":[54,92,142],"completed":[55],"30-item":[57],"closed-questionnaire":[58],"three":[60],"domains:":[61],"material":[62,106],"and":[64,68,70,108,112,114,129,161,172,182,194],"planning,":[65,109],"teaching":[66,110,127],"methods,":[67,111],"assessment":[69,113],"feedback.":[71,115],"Then,":[72],"respondents":[74],"answered":[75],"open":[76],"questions":[77],"reflect":[79],"on":[80,102],"answers":[82],"quantitative":[85],"part.":[86],"According":[87],"findings,":[90],"believe":[93],"that":[94],"employing":[95],"technologies":[97],"has":[98],"major":[100],"influence":[101,124],"enhancing":[103],"addition,":[117],"results":[119],"indicate":[120],"lack":[122],"gender,":[126],"experience,":[128],"mastery":[130],"level":[131],"tools,":[134],"suggesting":[135],"shared":[137],"perspective":[138],"among":[139],"teachers.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"perceive":[143],"valuable":[147],"complements":[148],"traditional":[150],"teaching,":[153,188],"offering":[154,189],"opportunities":[155],"for":[156,191],"enhanced":[157],"assessment,":[158],"personalized":[159],"learning,":[160],"engagement,":[162],"while":[163],"also":[164],"presenting":[165],"challenges":[166,183],"related":[167],"accuracy,":[169],"ethical":[170],"use,":[171],"potential":[173,181],"over-reliance.":[174],"Overall,":[175],"highlights":[178],"both":[179],"AI":[185],"insights":[190],"future":[192],"practice.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
