{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415817852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0","title":"A royalty framework for copyright protection and accountability in AI-generated art","display_name":"A royalty framework for copyright protection and accountability in AI-generated art","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415817852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Priyanshi Rai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyanshi Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023098408","display_name":"Kartik Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2969-6828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kartik Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085811655","display_name":"Lubna A. Gabralla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-6861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lubna Abdelkhreim Gabralla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021051196","display_name":"Tanupriya Choudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9826-2759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanupriya Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085811655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11829598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.6779000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.6779000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.06129999831318855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.6363999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"Human rights","score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonization","display_name":"Harmonization","score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-rights","display_name":"Moral rights","score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fair-use","display_name":"Fair use","score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-law","display_name":"Copyright law","score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-rights","display_name":"Fundamental rights","score":0.33000001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6363999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777769977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057599","display_name":"Moral rights","level":3,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776254780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131562","display_name":"Fair use","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987650672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297822","display_name":"Copyright law","level":3,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95691615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237872","display_name":"Fundamental rights","level":3,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519222250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860372","display_name":"Digital art","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778375983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711347","display_name":"Cultural policy","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150506046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6667822","display_name":"Logos Bible Software","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780339416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193405","display_name":"Cultural rights","level":4,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778296811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489344","display_name":"Related rights","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:58bd4d0e993f4763a5cf2a873ece0e95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/58bd4d0e993f4763a5cf2a873ece0e95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09766-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1364305728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2025R178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415817852.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2903313692","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2986680847","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3170863103","https://openalex.org/W4288391568","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4378417705","https://openalex.org/W4385247747","https://openalex.org/W4385601985","https://openalex.org/W4387757292","https://openalex.org/W4389834719","https://openalex.org/W4391137989","https://openalex.org/W4393384760","https://openalex.org/W4393964939","https://openalex.org/W4396721460","https://openalex.org/W4399285769","https://openalex.org/W4401618627","https://openalex.org/W4403872879","https://openalex.org/W4405537503"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,11,38,53,68,96,130,147,156],"generative":[3],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"has":[6,16],"profoundly":[7],"reshaped":[8],"the":[9,31,35,42,51,66,94,112,124,136,145,154],"landscape":[10],"creative":[12,106],"production,":[13],"but":[14],"it":[15,44],"also":[17,110],"raised":[18],"critical":[19],"questions":[20],"regarding":[21],"authorship,":[22],"copyright,":[23],"and":[24,50,87,103,119,127,141],"ethical":[25],"accountability.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"engages":[29],"with":[30],"growing":[32],"discourse":[33],"on":[34],"legal":[36,117],"status":[37],"AI-generated":[39,76,157],"content,":[40],"emphasizing":[41],"challenges":[43],"poses":[45],"to":[46,64,99,122,135,153],"existing":[47],"copyright":[48],"frameworks":[49],"rights":[52,129],"human":[54,148],"creators.":[55],"Our":[56],"research":[57],"proposes":[58],"a":[59],"quantitative,":[60],"multi-modal":[61],"framework":[62],"designed":[63],"assess":[65],"influence":[67],"artists":[69],"whose":[70],"works":[71],"are":[72],"potentially":[73],"reflected":[74],"in":[75,82,105],"art.":[77],"Drawing":[78],"from":[79],"contemporary":[80],"discussion":[81],"digital":[83],"ethics,":[84],"IP":[85],"law,":[86],"AI":[88,107],"governance,":[89],"this":[90],"work":[91],"advocates":[92],"for":[93,115],"development":[95],"enforceable":[97],"mechanisms":[98],"ensure":[100],"transparency,":[101],"accountability,":[102],"attribution":[104],"systems.":[108],"It":[109],"underscores":[111],"pressing":[113],"need":[114],"international":[116],"harmonization":[118],"policy":[120],"intervention":[121],"safeguard":[123],"labor,":[125],"legacy,":[126],"moral":[128],"artists.":[131],"study":[133],"contributes":[134],"broader":[137],"movement":[138],"toward":[139],"responsible":[140],"equitable":[142],"innovation,":[143],"where":[144],"protection":[146],"intellectual":[149],"contribution":[150],"remains":[151],"central":[152],"evolution":[155],"cultural":[158],"production.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}
