{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416220702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3","title":"A systematic review of lightweight cryptographic schemes for security and privacy in IoT","display_name":"A systematic review of lightweight cryptographic schemes for security and privacy in IoT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416220702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028251110","display_name":"Shaharyar Alam Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0469-253X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086299","display_name":"Noida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/001amd982","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086299"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74885063","display_name":"Sharda University","ror":"https://ror.org/03b6ffh07","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74885063"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaharyar Alam Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0469-253X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381","https://openalex.org/I74885063","https://openalex.org/I4210086299"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101733647","display_name":"Salman Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-1591"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salman Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-1591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028251110","https://openalex.org/A5101733647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381","https://openalex.org/I4210086299","https://openalex.org/I74885063"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95639052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.8019000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.8019000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6905999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4171999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7523000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6905999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.43939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:21eab8614361482f92a193203e33e896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/21eab8614361482f92a193203e33e896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-57 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09755-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416220702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416220702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2725436513","https://openalex.org/W2749063676","https://openalex.org/W2808412236","https://openalex.org/W2900583946","https://openalex.org/W2909391844","https://openalex.org/W2913533279","https://openalex.org/W2920313496","https://openalex.org/W2930079485","https://openalex.org/W2954762708","https://openalex.org/W2956968975","https://openalex.org/W2960915120","https://openalex.org/W2999020840","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3005735686","https://openalex.org/W3024392502","https://openalex.org/W3035619820","https://openalex.org/W3036495523","https://openalex.org/W3041308951","https://openalex.org/W3043465744","https://openalex.org/W3044949335","https://openalex.org/W3108674028","https://openalex.org/W3110871108","https://openalex.org/W3120086307","https://openalex.org/W3120866035","https://openalex.org/W3128470182","https://openalex.org/W3134720613","https://openalex.org/W3135136856","https://openalex.org/W3137923936","https://openalex.org/W3138047676","https://openalex.org/W3150051937","https://openalex.org/W3155311050","https://openalex.org/W3162871810","https://openalex.org/W3183723923","https://openalex.org/W3183739662","https://openalex.org/W3190004108","https://openalex.org/W3196833029","https://openalex.org/W3197038741","https://openalex.org/W3201068460","https://openalex.org/W3203341055","https://openalex.org/W3212304905","https://openalex.org/W3215441009","https://openalex.org/W3215994486","https://openalex.org/W3216657397","https://openalex.org/W4200217444","https://openalex.org/W4205307972","https://openalex.org/W4205964071","https://openalex.org/W4210686120","https://openalex.org/W4211020381","https://openalex.org/W4220856023","https://openalex.org/W4225985989","https://openalex.org/W4236446127","https://openalex.org/W4280496495","https://openalex.org/W4280587010","https://openalex.org/W4283079749","https://openalex.org/W4283258646","https://openalex.org/W4283789173","https://openalex.org/W4285153486","https://openalex.org/W4285196740","https://openalex.org/W4293084369","https://openalex.org/W4294691609","https://openalex.org/W4304172571","https://openalex.org/W4304606776","https://openalex.org/W4309867681","https://openalex.org/W4312590693","https://openalex.org/W4313392050","https://openalex.org/W4313419372","https://openalex.org/W4313532445","https://openalex.org/W4315571614","https://openalex.org/W4323240384","https://openalex.org/W4323567873","https://openalex.org/W4360603373","https://openalex.org/W4362589036","https://openalex.org/W4365137543","https://openalex.org/W4365509778","https://openalex.org/W4376139327","https://openalex.org/W4378083549","https://openalex.org/W4378190897","https://openalex.org/W4382753106","https://openalex.org/W4385877748","https://openalex.org/W4386401808","https://openalex.org/W4386918915","https://openalex.org/W4386961654","https://openalex.org/W4387170291","https://openalex.org/W4387259010","https://openalex.org/W4387457887","https://openalex.org/W4387971529","https://openalex.org/W4388955655","https://openalex.org/W4389751739","https://openalex.org/W4389948540","https://openalex.org/W4390509838","https://openalex.org/W4391143819","https://openalex.org/W4391403421","https://openalex.org/W4391888156","https://openalex.org/W4391922077","https://openalex.org/W4392173889","https://openalex.org/W4392282716","https://openalex.org/W4392739260","https://openalex.org/W4393233037","https://openalex.org/W4395447360","https://openalex.org/W4396982461","https://openalex.org/W4399897432","https://openalex.org/W4400617040","https://openalex.org/W4400905297","https://openalex.org/W4401102398","https://openalex.org/W4401380458","https://openalex.org/W4401486657","https://openalex.org/W4401487129","https://openalex.org/W4401871514","https://openalex.org/W4402892047","https://openalex.org/W4404868957","https://openalex.org/W4405171068","https://openalex.org/W4405678115","https://openalex.org/W4407197476","https://openalex.org/W4407597248","https://openalex.org/W4407901572","https://openalex.org/W4407993175","https://openalex.org/W4408048798","https://openalex.org/W4408230705","https://openalex.org/W4408414811","https://openalex.org/W4409311283","https://openalex.org/W4409552008","https://openalex.org/W4411053517","https://openalex.org/W4412815417"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87,132,151],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,6,115],"the":[4],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"has":[9],"created":[10],"significant":[11],"challenges":[12],"in":[13,18,109],"safeguarding":[14],"security":[15],"and":[16,28,68,73,104,120,130,137,142,149,162,178,191],"privacy":[17],"resource-constrained":[19],"environments.":[20],"Conventional":[21],"encryption":[22],"algorithms":[23],"often":[24],"impose":[25],"heavy":[26],"computational":[27],"energy":[29,80],"costs,":[30],"making":[31],"them":[32],"unsuitable":[33],"for":[34,101,174,183],"IoT":[35,111,184],"devices.":[36],"To":[37],"address":[38],"this,":[39],"lightweight":[40,98,135],"cryptographic":[41,99,180],"schemes":[42],"have":[43],"been":[44],"widely":[45],"studied":[46],"as":[47,127,158],"efficient":[48],"alternatives.":[49],"This":[50,168],"paper":[51],"presents":[52],"a":[53,171],"Systematic":[54],"Literature":[55],"Review":[56],"(SLR)":[57],"following":[58],"Kitchenham`s":[59],"guidelines,":[60],"analyzing":[61],"77":[62],"peer-reviewed":[63],"studies":[64],"published":[65],"between":[66],"2006":[67],"2025.":[69],"Both":[70],"qualitative":[71],"synthesis":[72],"quantitative":[74],"evaluation":[75],"(e.g.,":[76],"entropy,":[77],"execution":[78],"time,":[79],"consumption,":[81],"throughput,":[82],"NPCR,":[83],"UACI)":[84],"are":[85],"conducted.":[86],"review":[88],"is":[89],"guided":[90],"by":[91],"four":[92],"research":[93,155,190],"questions":[94],"focusing":[95],"on:":[96],"(i)":[97],"techniques":[100],"confidentiality,":[102],"integrity,":[103],"authentication;":[105],"(ii)":[106],"performance":[107],"trade-offs":[108],"constrained":[110],"devices;":[112],"(iii)":[113],"optimizations":[114],"Elliptic":[116],"Curve":[117],"Cryptography":[118],"(ECC);":[119],"(iv)":[121],"integration":[122],"with":[123],"emerging":[124],"technologies":[125],"such":[126,157],"AI,":[128],"blockchain,":[129],"steganography.":[131],"findings":[133],"classify":[134],"block":[136],"stream":[138],"ciphers,":[139],"hybrid":[140],"frameworks,":[141],"authentication":[143],"protocols":[144],"while":[145],"highlighting":[146],"their":[147],"strengths":[148],"limitations.":[150],"study":[152],"also":[153],"identifies":[154],"gaps,":[156],"limited":[159],"adaptive":[160],"models":[161],"insufficient":[163],"benchmarking":[164],"on":[165],"embedded":[166],"platforms.":[167],"work":[169],"contributes":[170],"clear":[172],"roadmap":[173],"designing":[175],"secure,":[176],"scalable,":[177],"energy-efficient":[179],"solutions":[181],"tailored":[182],"ecosystems,":[185],"thereby":[186],"guiding":[187],"both":[188],"academic":[189],"real-world":[192],"deployment.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}