{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416247720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5","title":"Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence policies in universities across five countries","display_name":"Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence policies in universities across five countries","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416247720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103162786","display_name":"Luke Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-4094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86695891","display_name":"Australian Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cxm4j25","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luke Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093806257","display_name":"A. Jane Loper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6156-2643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Jane Loper","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102918026","display_name":"Josh Hayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3685-1303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093663458","display_name":"Alice Karakas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3253-9966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127339705","display_name":"Washburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/04sk2ar21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127339705"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Karakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washburn University, Lawrence, KS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washburn University, Lawrence, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127339705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012764520","display_name":"Steven H. White","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven White","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017078086","display_name":"Heidi L. Hallman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-849X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Hallman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103162786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0309,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92121669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.186599999666214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.186599999666214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.18199999630451202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.10939999669790268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excellence","display_name":"Excellence","score":0.642799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.6040999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-analysis","display_name":"Policy analysis","score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-statistics","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","score":0.3402999937534332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419420","display_name":"Excellence","level":2,"score":0.642799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.6040999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94617000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639854","display_name":"Qualitative comparative analysis","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127142870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838279","display_name":"Trend analysis","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:051285e6c4e94101bce3d1621444504f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/051285e6c4e94101bce3d1621444504f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-30 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09745-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416247720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416247720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210983854","https://openalex.org/W4240214105","https://openalex.org/W4313678819","https://openalex.org/W4323319490","https://openalex.org/W4360615722","https://openalex.org/W4362581834","https://openalex.org/W4366783381","https://openalex.org/W4377220156","https://openalex.org/W4378220797","https://openalex.org/W4378594317","https://openalex.org/W4379010216","https://openalex.org/W4379057711","https://openalex.org/W4381570295","https://openalex.org/W4383312437","https://openalex.org/W4386568918","https://openalex.org/W4388333366","https://openalex.org/W4389719314","https://openalex.org/W4389890693","https://openalex.org/W4390630504","https://openalex.org/W4391107224","https://openalex.org/W4391519634","https://openalex.org/W4391581502","https://openalex.org/W4392301491","https://openalex.org/W4392706454","https://openalex.org/W4394688113","https://openalex.org/W4394817988","https://openalex.org/W4395693625","https://openalex.org/W4396988593","https://openalex.org/W4402901293","https://openalex.org/W4402992312","https://openalex.org/W4403526962","https://openalex.org/W4405586205","https://openalex.org/W4406818641","https://openalex.org/W7160872256"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"rapid":[2],"integration":[3],"of":[4,72,132,160,169],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(AI)":[7],"in":[8,16,31,55,75,141,151,163],"higher":[9,164],"education":[10,56],"has":[11],"led":[12],"to":[13,112,180],"significant":[14],"gaps":[15],"policy":[17,86],"frameworks":[18],"across":[19,57],"universities":[20,30,133],"worldwide.":[21],"This":[22,146],"study":[23,147],"analyzes":[24],"AI":[25,73,161,184],"policies":[26,113,162],"at":[27],"343":[28],"leading":[29],"Australia,":[32],"Canada,":[33],"China,":[34],"the":[35,38,42,70,152,156,167],"U.K.,":[36],"and":[37,77,90,93,124,192],"U.S.,":[39],"selected":[40],"from":[41,83,109],"top":[43],"1500":[44],"institutions":[45,68,179],"globally,":[46],"as":[47],"ranked":[48],"by":[49,100,122,154],"Times":[50],"Higher":[51],"Education":[52],"for":[53,128,178],"excellence":[54],"2024/2025.":[58],"Using":[59],"a":[60,149,170],"comparative":[61],"analysis":[62,159],"approach,":[63],"we":[64],"examined":[65],"how":[66],"these":[67],"govern":[69],"use":[71],"tools":[74],"teaching":[76],"learning":[78],"contexts.":[79],"Data":[80],"were":[81],"gathered":[82],"publicly":[84],"available":[85],"documents,":[87],"student":[88],"handbooks,":[89],"faculty":[91],"guidelines,":[92],"analyzed":[94],"using":[95],"qualitative":[96],"thematic":[97],"coding":[98],"supported":[99],"descriptive":[101],"statistics.":[102],"Our":[103],"findings":[104],"reveal":[105],"diverse":[106],"approaches,":[107],"ranging":[108],"outright":[110,144],"prohibitions":[111],"granting":[114],"instructor's":[115],"discretion,":[116],"with":[117],"notable":[118],"regional":[119],"differences":[120],"influenced":[121],"cultural":[123],"regulatory":[125],"factors.":[126],"Quantitatively,":[127],"example,":[129],"nearly":[130],"half":[131],"adopted":[134],"discretionary":[135],"policies,":[136],"while":[137],"fewer":[138],"than":[139],"one":[140],"five":[142],"issued":[143],"bans.":[145],"fills":[148],"gap":[150],"literature":[153],"providing":[155],"first":[157],"cross-regional":[158],"education,":[165],"highlighting":[166],"absence":[168],"universal":[171],"framework.":[172],"These":[173],"insights":[174],"offer":[175],"valuable":[176],"guidance":[177],"develop":[181],"flexible,":[182],"adaptive":[183],"governance":[185],"models":[186],"that":[187],"reflect":[188],"their":[189],"unique":[190],"needs":[191],"values.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-11-15T00:00:00"}