{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412514793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y","title":"Fusion of non-iterative deep neural network feature extraction with kernel extreme learning machine for plant disease classification","display_name":"Fusion of non-iterative deep neural network feature extraction with kernel extreme learning machine for plant disease classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412514793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108744665","display_name":"Kirti Kirti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105454292","display_name":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","ror":"https://ror.org/034q1za58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirti Kirti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University School of Information, Communication and Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New-Delhi, 110078, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information, Communication and Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New-Delhi, 110078, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067784353","display_name":"Navin Rajpal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105454292","display_name":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","ror":"https://ror.org/034q1za58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navin Rajpal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University School of Information, Communication and Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New-Delhi, 110078, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information, Communication and Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New-Delhi, 110078, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066567677","display_name":"Virendra P. Vishwakarma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105454292","display_name":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","ror":"https://ror.org/034q1za58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virendra P. Vishwakarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University School of Information, Communication and Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New-Delhi, 110078, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University School of Information, Communication and Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New-Delhi, 110078, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105454292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058838719","display_name":"Pramod Kumar Soni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-5044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99552915","display_name":"University of Rajasthan","ror":"https://ror.org/05arfhc56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99552915"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Kumar Soni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Applications, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Applications, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99552915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058838719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99552915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9233,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95007614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7206426858901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5997353792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5643754005432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5605895519256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5045417547225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.500199556350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4812343120574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.4302181899547577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14414846897125244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7206426858901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5997353792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5643754005432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5605895519256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5045417547225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.500199556350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4812343120574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.4302181899547577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14414846897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49219a7b03c34579b14101139f8b3306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49219a7b03c34579b14101139f8b3306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-27 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09679-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412514793.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412514793.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2103959917","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2117812871","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2568155635","https://openalex.org/W2734648001","https://openalex.org/W2786538427","https://openalex.org/W2808709127","https://openalex.org/W2891667148","https://openalex.org/W2915519176","https://openalex.org/W2938959907","https://openalex.org/W2968451982","https://openalex.org/W2989613844","https://openalex.org/W2994220633","https://openalex.org/W3007088144","https://openalex.org/W3009836443","https://openalex.org/W3016625900","https://openalex.org/W3034173830","https://openalex.org/W3036085849","https://openalex.org/W3037316750","https://openalex.org/W3039201839","https://openalex.org/W3046725353","https://openalex.org/W3082480853","https://openalex.org/W3092852766","https://openalex.org/W3095692458","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3101036075","https://openalex.org/W3106173725","https://openalex.org/W3111432325","https://openalex.org/W3118338202","https://openalex.org/W3120188592","https://openalex.org/W3125832420","https://openalex.org/W3127225284","https://openalex.org/W3134717070","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3151002445","https://openalex.org/W3176021848","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4224053822","https://openalex.org/W4281616679","https://openalex.org/W4387450550","https://openalex.org/W4388050946","https://openalex.org/W4388458228","https://openalex.org/W4391094113","https://openalex.org/W4393187692","https://openalex.org/W4394813175","https://openalex.org/W4399774969","https://openalex.org/W4401821383","https://openalex.org/W4406085453","https://openalex.org/W4406756136","https://openalex.org/W4410446571","https://openalex.org/W6600042225","https://openalex.org/W6603968179","https://openalex.org/W6819060087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067443264","https://openalex.org/W31566076","https://openalex.org/W4297902562","https://openalex.org/W2741186499","https://openalex.org/W2804652951","https://openalex.org/W2968645206","https://openalex.org/W2556335056","https://openalex.org/W2002678693","https://openalex.org/W2743832667","https://openalex.org/W2969890106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"disease":[1,44,120],"identification":[2,45],"and":[3,11,28,71,87,117,132,161,185,241],"detection":[4],"refer":[5],"to":[6,34,59,143],"the":[7,30,82,174,180,198,230,234],"process":[8,18],"of":[9,32,62,69,84,173,183,204,208,221,239],"recognizing":[10],"diagnosing":[12],"diseases":[13,33],"that":[14,127,229],"affect":[15],"plants.":[16,36],"This":[17],"is":[19,97,177],"crucial":[20],"for":[21,42,115,168],"maintaining":[22,149],"plant":[23,43,119],"health,":[24],"maximizing":[25],"crop":[26],"yields,":[27],"preventing":[29],"spread":[31],"neighbouring":[35],"Various":[37],"techniques":[38,236],"have":[39,79],"been":[40],"designed":[41],"with":[46,107,179,188,210],"outstanding":[47],"results.":[48],"Still,":[49],"it":[50],"exhibits":[51],"a":[52,66,93,100,108,138,165,217,224],"prolonged":[53],"convergence":[54],"rate,":[55],"taking":[56],"much":[57],"time":[58],"execute":[60],"because":[61],"long":[63],"iterations,":[64],"consuming":[65],"large":[67],"chunk":[68],"resources,":[70,134],"suffering":[72],"local":[73],"minimum":[74],"problems.":[75],"All":[76],"these":[77],"issues":[78],"emerged":[80],"from":[81],"expansion":[83],"hidden":[85],"layers":[86],"their":[88],"parameters.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"work,":[92],"novel":[94],"hybrid":[95],"approach":[96,136],"proposed":[98,175],"using":[99,223],"ResNet-50":[101,160],"based":[102],"deep":[103,124],"neural":[104],"network":[105],"integrated":[106],"Kernel":[109],"Extreme":[110],"Learning":[111,191],"Machine":[112],"(KELM)":[113],"classifier":[114,142],"efficient":[116],"accurate":[118],"classification.":[121,170],"Unlike":[122],"conventional":[123],"learning":[125],"methods":[126],"rely":[128],"on":[129,197],"iterative":[130],"training":[131],"heavy":[133],"our":[135],"uses":[137],"non-iterative,":[139],"single-pass":[140],"KELM":[141,167],"significantly":[144],"reduce":[145],"computational":[146],"complexity":[147],"while":[148],"high":[150],"classification":[151],"performance.":[152],"The":[153,171,213],"method":[154,176,232],"extracts":[155],"deep,":[156],"discriminative":[157],"features":[158],"via":[159],"feeds":[162],"them":[163],"into":[164],"lightweight":[166],"final":[169],"performance":[172,182],"matched":[178],"individual":[181],"ResNet50":[184],"KELM,":[186],"along":[187],"other":[189],"Deep":[190],"(DL)":[192],"frameworks.":[193],"Experiments":[194],"are":[195],"conducted":[196],"PlantVillage":[199],"database,":[200],"which":[201,227],"has":[202],"images":[203],"14":[205],"different":[206],"types":[207],"plants":[209],"38":[211],"classes.":[212],"results":[214],"obtained":[215],"provide":[216],"nominal":[218],"error":[219],"rate":[220],"1.05%":[222],"non-iterative":[225],"approach,":[226],"signifies":[228],"ResNet-KELM":[231],"surpasses":[233],"existing":[235],"in":[237],"terms":[238],"accuracy":[240],"efficiency.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
