{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413063057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3","title":"Data driven decisions in education using a comprehensive machine learning framework for student performance prediction","display_name":"Data driven decisions in education using a comprehensive machine learning framework for student performance prediction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413063057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010523727","display_name":"M. Gul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nadeem Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & IT, Superior University, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & IT, Superior University, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008316040","display_name":"Waseem Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-7773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Waseem Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435","https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059968970","display_name":"Muhammad Zeeshan Babar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zeeshan Babar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4\u2009AS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4\u2009AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026368238","display_name":"Abeer Aljohani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-4940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abeer Aljohani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Applied College, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009823080","display_name":"Muhammad Arif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-6618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & IT, Superior University, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & IT, Superior University, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008316040","https://openalex.org/A5059968970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992","https://openalex.org/I160968435","https://openalex.org/I32062511"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98607154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9332000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.8511648178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7573747634887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.7438607215881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.7341552972793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7298812866210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6508593559265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6402225494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.6311050653457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.6053755879402161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5780106782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5423551201820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5238216519355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.20179477334022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19930174946784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1856866180896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10586076974868774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.8511648178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7573747634887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7438607215881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.7341552972793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7298812866210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6508593559265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6402225494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.6311050653457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.6053755879402161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5780106782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5423551201820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5238216519355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.20179477334022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19930174946784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1856866180896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10586076974868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6157563081843719a2c466a124a709a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6157563081843719a2c466a124a709a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 1-34 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10791-025-09585-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407036663","display_name":"Discover Computing","issn_l":"2948-2992","issn":["2948-2992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311518","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413063057.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413063057.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793183907","https://openalex.org/W2983382509","https://openalex.org/W3005006660","https://openalex.org/W3015351929","https://openalex.org/W3118164373","https://openalex.org/W3144626303","https://openalex.org/W3169552150","https://openalex.org/W3182241482","https://openalex.org/W4214821456","https://openalex.org/W4293868465","https://openalex.org/W4294990526","https://openalex.org/W4298000642","https://openalex.org/W4316657447","https://openalex.org/W4361225589","https://openalex.org/W4362620057","https://openalex.org/W4378083723","https://openalex.org/W4384080264","https://openalex.org/W4389737105","https://openalex.org/W4392234077","https://openalex.org/W4393145913","https://openalex.org/W4394835065","https://openalex.org/W4396555951","https://openalex.org/W4399395381","https://openalex.org/W4401285400","https://openalex.org/W4401287658","https://openalex.org/W4404563068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327035729","https://openalex.org/W2348748958","https://openalex.org/W3039673966","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W1570592793","https://openalex.org/W1525436954","https://openalex.org/W2385662756","https://openalex.org/W1992847598","https://openalex.org/W4296079469","https://openalex.org/W4298012357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Accurately":[1],"predicting":[2],"student":[3,37],"performance":[4,38],"is":[5],"essential":[6],"for":[7,126],"improving":[8],"educational":[9],"outcomes":[10],"and":[11,32,42,53,61,78,129],"guiding":[12],"targeted":[13],"interventions.":[14],"This":[15,112],"study":[16,113],"applies":[17],"eight":[18],"advanced":[19],"machine":[20,119],"learning":[21,110,120,131],"models-Decision":[22],"Trees,":[23],"Random":[24],"Forest,":[25],"Lasso,":[26],"K-Nearest":[27],"Neighbors,":[28],"XGBoost,":[29],"CatBoost,":[30],"AdaBoost,":[31],"Gradient":[33,58],"Boosting":[34,59],"to":[35,107],"analyze":[36],"based":[39],"on":[40],"demographic":[41],"academic":[43],"features.":[44],"Among":[45],"these,":[46],"CatBoost":[47],"achieved":[48],"the":[49,85,88,94,115,124],"highest":[50],"accuracy":[51],"(87.46%)":[52],"less":[54],"error":[55],"rates,":[56],"outperforming":[57],"(87.28%)":[60],"Decision":[62],"Trees":[63],"(82.42%).":[64],"Model":[65],"evaluation":[66],"was":[67],"conducted":[68],"using":[69],"Mean":[70,74,80],"Absolute":[71],"Error":[72,76,82],"(MAE),":[73],"Squared":[75,81],"(MSE),":[77],"Root":[79],"(RMSE),":[83],"demonstrating":[84],"robustness":[86],"of":[87,96,102,118],"proposed":[89],"approach.":[90],"The":[91],"results":[92],"highlight":[93],"effectiveness":[95],"data-driven":[97],"methods":[98],"in":[99,121],"early":[100],"identification":[101],"at-risk":[103],"students,":[104],"enabling":[105],"educators":[106],"implement":[108],"personalized":[109],"strategies.":[111],"underscores":[114],"transformative":[116],"potential":[117],"education,":[122],"paving":[123],"way":[125],"more":[127],"adaptive":[128],"student-centered":[130],"environments.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}