{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963864161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-017-9319-5","title":"Using word embeddings in Twitter election classification","display_name":"Using word embeddings in Twitter election classification","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963864161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-017-9319-5","mag":"2963864161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-017-9319-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-017-9319-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79460864","display_name":"Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1386-4564","issn":["1386-4564","1573-7659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Retrieval Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/35067.html>,","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100604654","display_name":"Xiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-7701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057643560","display_name":"Craig Macdonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Macdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079046603","display_name":"Iadh Ounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-3223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iadh Ounis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100604654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98906465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2-3","first_page":"183","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8659447431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7088514566421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.6679777503013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6232931017875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6225581169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6196165084838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5065475702285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4966028332710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4791359603404999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.45263564586639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.42842161655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41462475061416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34356969594955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3377103805541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3340389132499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0864320695400238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8659447431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7088514566421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.6679777503013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6232931017875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6225581169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6196165084838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5065475702285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4966028332710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4791359603404999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.45263564586639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.42842161655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41462475061416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34356969594955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3377103805541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3340389132499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0864320695400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-017-9319-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-017-9319-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79460864","display_name":"Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1386-4564","issn":["1386-4564","1573-7659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Retrieval Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:150070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/35067.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:150070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/35067.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1259383954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/L016435/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2009905389","display_name":"Explaining and Mitigating Electoral Violence","funder_award_id":"ES/L016435/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7164402076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/L016435/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137217113","https://openalex.org/W1572063013","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W2037789405","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102131037","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2126725946","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2168681026","https://openalex.org/W2170240176","https://openalex.org/W2182360139","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250779067","https://openalex.org/W2250879510","https://openalex.org/W2250966211","https://openalex.org/W2251103205","https://openalex.org/W2251436774","https://openalex.org/W2251874715","https://openalex.org/W2252278997","https://openalex.org/W2260194779","https://openalex.org/W2296449919","https://openalex.org/W2413904250","https://openalex.org/W2468328197","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2963083845","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2963801581","https://openalex.org/W2964046515","https://openalex.org/W3030698044","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6680532216","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6697438938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909208367","https://openalex.org/W1997182898","https://openalex.org/W947140380","https://openalex.org/W4286432911","https://openalex.org/W4230884544","https://openalex.org/W4245453790","https://openalex.org/W3194985222","https://openalex.org/W3216571906","https://openalex.org/W4214830338","https://openalex.org/W2518587255"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
