{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053448995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-012-9209-9","title":"The whens and hows of learning to rank for web search","display_name":"The whens and hows of learning to rank for web search","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053448995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-012-9209-9","mag":"2053448995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-012-9209-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-012-9209-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79460864","display_name":"Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1386-4564","issn":["1386-4564","1573-7659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3412945","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057643560","display_name":"Craig Macdonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Craig Macdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK","School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025385531","display_name":"Rodrygo L. T. Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-8444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrygo L. T. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK","School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079046603","display_name":"Iadh Ounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-3223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iadh Ounis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK","School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057643560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.1485,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99375285,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"584","last_page":"628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.7945410013198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.7632684111595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7094761729240417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.6841273903846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.648285448551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6292523741722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6194993853569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5899678468704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5502852201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4693273901939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination","display_name":"Sample size determination","score":0.46153295040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3077148497104645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18905743956565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15410304069519043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.7945410013198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7632684111595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7094761729240417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.6841273903846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.648285448551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6292523741722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6194993853569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5899678468704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5502852201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4693273901939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.46153295040130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3077148497104645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18905743956565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15410304069519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10791-012-9209-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-012-9209-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79460864","display_name":"Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1386-4564","issn":["1386-4564","1573-7659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:70880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/70880/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3412945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3412945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3412945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3412945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768053","https://openalex.org/W94637519","https://openalex.org/W95791645","https://openalex.org/W135190683","https://openalex.org/W1482214997","https://openalex.org/W1503128817","https://openalex.org/W1531797482","https://openalex.org/W1552767446","https://openalex.org/W1603653375","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1685426458","https://openalex.org/W1823171916","https://openalex.org/W1854214752","https://openalex.org/W1966850048","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W1989468977","https://openalex.org/W2007815473","https://openalex.org/W2009077327","https://openalex.org/W2009607991","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2035314340","https://openalex.org/W2037140704","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2070740689","https://openalex.org/W2072427611","https://openalex.org/W2073562093","https://openalex.org/W2073722401","https://openalex.org/W2075893676","https://openalex.org/W2092020620","https://openalex.org/W2093347820","https://openalex.org/W2094145178","https://openalex.org/W2105248331","https://openalex.org/W2105293186","https://openalex.org/W2106421124","https://openalex.org/W2107428549","https://openalex.org/W2108278040","https://openalex.org/W2113640060","https://openalex.org/W2120724560","https://openalex.org/W2122827145","https://openalex.org/W2130492741","https://openalex.org/W2130570284","https://openalex.org/W2136542423","https://openalex.org/W2142537246","https://openalex.org/W2143160289","https://openalex.org/W2143331230","https://openalex.org/W2143369964","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2154610494","https://openalex.org/W2158005673","https://openalex.org/W2160885631","https://openalex.org/W2165718308","https://openalex.org/W2263474855","https://openalex.org/W2294145134","https://openalex.org/W2884475480","https://openalex.org/W2884580467","https://openalex.org/W2916068640","https://openalex.org/W2918049428","https://openalex.org/W3013019162","https://openalex.org/W3102882112","https://openalex.org/W4210906267","https://openalex.org/W4233760227","https://openalex.org/W4240913316","https://openalex.org/W4243218899","https://openalex.org/W4252085685","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302313152","https://openalex.org/W6603897584","https://openalex.org/W6603899496","https://openalex.org/W6628905179","https://openalex.org/W6629993394","https://openalex.org/W6638681289","https://openalex.org/W6639055396","https://openalex.org/W6747542089","https://openalex.org/W6747597888","https://openalex.org/W6760044250","https://openalex.org/W6786202404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127142483","https://openalex.org/W3160516639","https://openalex.org/W4385565564","https://openalex.org/W2898073868","https://openalex.org/W4390446658","https://openalex.org/W2138488530","https://openalex.org/W2971071571","https://openalex.org/W2798835721","https://openalex.org/W2922169395","https://openalex.org/W2387658907"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
