{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997845782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-006-9047-5","title":"Scaling Smoothed Language Models","display_name":"Scaling Smoothed Language Models","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997845782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-006-9047-5","mag":"1997845782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10772-006-9047-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-006-9047-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4650632","display_name":"International Journal of Speech Technology","issn_l":"1381-2416","issn":["1381-2416","1572-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Speech Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057476491","display_name":"Amparo Varona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Varona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain","Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Vizcaya, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Vizcaya, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043271474","display_name":"M. In\u00e9s Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1773-3214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain","Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Vizcaya, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica, Fac. Ciencia y Tecnologia, Basque Country University, Vizcaya, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057476491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10333238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"341","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.8601624965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.803095817565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7814694046974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5539864897727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5339656472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35474103689193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3017931282520294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14124324917793274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.8601624965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.803095817565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7814694046974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5539864897727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5339656472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35474103689193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3017931282520294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14124324917793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10772-006-9047-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-006-9047-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4650632","display_name":"International Journal of Speech Technology","issn_l":"1381-2416","issn":["1381-2416","1572-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Speech Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.712.3011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.712.3011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gtts.ehu.es/gtts/NT/fulltext/Varona05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323302","display_name":"Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/046ec5t14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11167240","https://openalex.org/W43272201","https://openalex.org/W76734206","https://openalex.org/W119833759","https://openalex.org/W147406941","https://openalex.org/W1497026191","https://openalex.org/W1549285799","https://openalex.org/W1579838312","https://openalex.org/W1585489087","https://openalex.org/W1597533204","https://openalex.org/W1599683495","https://openalex.org/W1698641381","https://openalex.org/W1900165232","https://openalex.org/W1985153860","https://openalex.org/W2000306011","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2010994762","https://openalex.org/W2031469331","https://openalex.org/W2035320906","https://openalex.org/W2050138804","https://openalex.org/W2080213370","https://openalex.org/W2094054193","https://openalex.org/W2100506586","https://openalex.org/W2103780312","https://openalex.org/W2111305191","https://openalex.org/W2116079085","https://openalex.org/W2134237567","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2163306339","https://openalex.org/W2587093408","https://openalex.org/W2594610113","https://openalex.org/W6639741339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989705153","https://openalex.org/W2496228846","https://openalex.org/W2896411932","https://openalex.org/W4300836874","https://openalex.org/W2951347366","https://openalex.org/W2163873738","https://openalex.org/W2142686878","https://openalex.org/W2032565104","https://openalex.org/W2140979028","https://openalex.org/W2072314386"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
