{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045464227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","title":"A genetic algorithm for finding realistic sea routes considering the weather","display_name":"A genetic algorithm for finding realistic sea routes considering the weather","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045464227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","mag":"3045464227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111418578","display_name":"Journal of Heuristics","issn_l":"1381-1231","issn":["1381-1231","1572-9397"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Heuristics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068004726","display_name":"Stefan Kuhlemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Kuhlemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany","Universit\u00e4t Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047606053","display_name":"Kevin Tierney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Tierney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068004726"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455","https://openalex.org/I206945453"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.6536,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81605553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"801","last_page":"825"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.700904369354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crew","display_name":"Crew","score":0.697859525680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.6208178400993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6088850498199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5977468490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5332659482955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-patterns","display_name":"Weather patterns","score":0.47791561484336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-weather","display_name":"Hot weather","score":0.46672263741493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.43557536602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-weather","display_name":"Extreme weather","score":0.4271638095378876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4115390181541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3886769413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2655576467514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.19630780816078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14516112208366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.139875590801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.11505824327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.11357074975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09566184878349304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.700904369354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345844","display_name":"Crew","level":2,"score":0.697859525680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.6208178400993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6088850498199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5977468490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5332659482955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993336609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663","display_name":"Weather patterns","level":3,"score":0.47791561484336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993843871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663","display_name":"Hot weather","level":2,"score":0.46672263741493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.43557536602020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205537798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Extreme weather","level":3,"score":0.4271638095378876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4115390181541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3886769413948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2655576467514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19630780816078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14516112208366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.139875590801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.11505824327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.11357074975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09566184878349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111418578","display_name":"Journal of Heuristics","issn_l":"1381-1231","issn":["1381-1231","1572-9397"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Heuristics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:joheur:v:26:y:2020:i:6:d:10.1007_s10732-020-09449-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/288348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/288348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2945451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0070-pub-29454510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401670","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-020-09449-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111418578","display_name":"Journal of Heuristics","issn_l":"1381-1231","issn":["1381-1231","1572-9397"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Heuristics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323389","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045464227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045464227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5573100","https://openalex.org/W20623491","https://openalex.org/W47552097","https://openalex.org/W102289067","https://openalex.org/W206454596","https://openalex.org/W1574564893","https://openalex.org/W1585939719","https://openalex.org/W1809631405","https://openalex.org/W1910848019","https://openalex.org/W1967069193","https://openalex.org/W1995187812","https://openalex.org/W1995502527","https://openalex.org/W1998397737","https://openalex.org/W2002906281","https://openalex.org/W2015130717","https://openalex.org/W2018903049","https://openalex.org/W2039427270","https://openalex.org/W2067995871","https://openalex.org/W2070544596","https://openalex.org/W2077149389","https://openalex.org/W2086499064","https://openalex.org/W2106334424","https://openalex.org/W2111142764","https://openalex.org/W2117772174","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2129338391","https://openalex.org/W2141363466","https://openalex.org/W2143083884","https://openalex.org/W2148831787","https://openalex.org/W2242560525","https://openalex.org/W2396755968","https://openalex.org/W2400086084","https://openalex.org/W2479723776","https://openalex.org/W2490049290","https://openalex.org/W2733043227","https://openalex.org/W2734835646","https://openalex.org/W2737836743","https://openalex.org/W2742265635","https://openalex.org/W2745831796","https://openalex.org/W2750667423","https://openalex.org/W2753002683","https://openalex.org/W2763056052","https://openalex.org/W2799448262","https://openalex.org/W2806055604","https://openalex.org/W2917264881","https://openalex.org/W4246301113","https://openalex.org/W6600867855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3029975256","https://openalex.org/W4390541983","https://openalex.org/W3096508807","https://openalex.org/W40925785","https://openalex.org/W3209083955","https://openalex.org/W4291202236","https://openalex.org/W2934540228","https://openalex.org/W4381252373","https://openalex.org/W2085401537","https://openalex.org/W3115641823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,21,148],"weather":[2,23,91,132,162,182,203,224,240],"has":[3],"a":[4,71,80,93,153,188],"major":[5],"impact":[6,160],"on":[7,92,164],"the":[8,15,26,33,36,40,45,48,57,60,63,66,76,85,95,98,112,143,146,159,165,168,184,195,202],"profitability,":[9],"safety,":[10],"and":[11,43,59,97,117,167,170],"environmental":[12],"sustainability":[13],"of":[14,28,35,47,62,79,90,145,155,161,191,194],"routes":[16,109,166,206,210,233],"sailed":[17,214],"by":[18],"seagoing":[19],"vessels.":[20],"prevailing":[22],"strongly":[24],"influences":[25,89],"course":[27],"routes,":[29],"affecting":[30],"not":[31],"only":[32],"safety":[34,144],"crew,":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39],"fuel":[41,77,139,169,196],"consumption":[42,78],"therefore":[44],"emissions":[46],"vessel.":[49,147],"Effective":[50],"decision":[51],"support":[52],"is":[53,150],"required":[54],"to":[55,74,128,157,187,209,226],"plan":[56],"route":[58,103],"speed":[61,126],"vessel":[64,81],"considering":[65],"forecasted":[67],"weather.":[68],"We":[69,198],"implement":[70],"genetic":[72],"algorithm":[73,149,221],"minimize":[75],"taking":[82],"into":[83,183],"account":[84],"two":[86],"most":[87],"important":[88],"ship:":[94],"wind":[96],"waves.":[99],"Our":[100],"approach":[101],"assists":[102],"planners":[104],"in":[105,137,215],"finding":[106],"cost":[107],"minimal":[108],"that":[110,134,174,200,211,228],"consider":[111],"weather,":[113],"avoid":[114,129],"specified":[115],"areas,":[116],"meet":[118],"arrival":[119],"time":[120,172],"constraints.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122,217],"it":[123,229],"supports":[124],"ship":[125],"control":[127],"areas":[130],"with":[131,178,222,238],"conditions":[133,236],"would":[135],"result":[136],"high":[138],"costs":[140],"or":[141],"risk":[142],"evaluated":[151],"for":[152],"variety":[154],"instances":[156],"show":[158,199,227],"routing":[163,185],"travel":[171],"savings":[173,189],"can":[175,207,230],"be":[176,213],"achieved":[177],"our":[179,220],"approach.":[180],"Including":[181],"leads":[186],"potential":[190],"over":[192],"10%":[193],"consumption.":[197],"ignoring":[201],"when":[204],"constructing":[205],"lead":[208],"cannot":[212],"practice.":[216],"we":[218],"evaluate":[219],"stochastic":[223],"data":[225],"provide":[231],"high-quality":[232],"under":[234],"real":[235],"even":[237],"uncertain":[239],"forecasts.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
