{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050792967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","title":"Mind the gap: a heuristic study of subway tours","display_name":"Mind the gap: a heuristic study of subway tours","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050792967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","mag":"2050792967"},"language":"fr","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111418578","display_name":"Journal of Heuristics","issn_l":"1381-1231","issn":["1381-1231","1572-9397"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Heuristics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056380163","display_name":"Maciej Drozdowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-529X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Drozdowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041757606","display_name":"Dawid Kowalski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Kowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027714736","display_name":"Jan Mizgajski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-3973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Mizgajski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013663063","display_name":"Dariusz Mokwa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Mokwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065192228","display_name":"Grzegorz Pawlak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1458-5586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Pawlak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, \u00a0Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science, Pozna\u0144 University of Technology, Poznan, Poland 60-965#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056380163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16964118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"561","last_page":"587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6945337653160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5892608165740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5206512808799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5136003494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.49394160509109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4866788983345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4626864194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3412964642047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32671183347702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32060274481773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17865535616874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.097688227891922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6945337653160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5892608165740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5206512808799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5136003494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49394160509109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4866788983345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4626864194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3412964642047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32671183347702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32060274481773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17865535616874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.097688227891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111418578","display_name":"Journal of Heuristics","issn_l":"1381-1231","issn":["1381-1231","1572-9397"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Heuristics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10732-014-9252-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111418578","display_name":"Journal of Heuristics","issn_l":"1381-1231","issn":["1381-1231","1572-9397"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Heuristics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2050792967.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2050792967.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497832555","https://openalex.org/W1963615676","https://openalex.org/W1965057580","https://openalex.org/W2004797988","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2014192444","https://openalex.org/W2042986967","https://openalex.org/W2106378689","https://openalex.org/W2110824994","https://openalex.org/W2113873983","https://openalex.org/W2125350144","https://openalex.org/W2126141749","https://openalex.org/W2134531991","https://openalex.org/W2141791003","https://openalex.org/W2150834164","https://openalex.org/W2158175311","https://openalex.org/W2476096155","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370815826","https://openalex.org/W2433057514","https://openalex.org/W2373436826","https://openalex.org/W2167961874","https://openalex.org/W2363214567","https://openalex.org/W2379002089","https://openalex.org/W2361168482","https://openalex.org/W2383852320","https://openalex.org/W262326206","https://openalex.org/W1828750805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"is":[1,53,81],"the":[2,17,21,39,64,68,79,85,98,101,113,116,121,127],"minimum":[3],"tour":[4,23],"visiting":[5,24],"all":[6,25],"lines":[7,26],"in":[8],"a":[9,28,90],"subway":[10],"network?":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"paper":[14],"we":[15,109],"study":[16],"problem":[18,35,119],"of":[19,27,50,63,78,92,100,115],"constructing":[20],"shortest":[22],"city":[29],"railway":[30],"system.":[31],"This":[32],"combinatorial":[33,118],"optimization":[34],"has":[36],"links":[37],"with":[38,94,105],"classic":[40],"graph":[41],"circuit":[42],"problems":[43],"and":[44,55,60,73,120],"operations":[45],"research.":[46],"A":[47],"broad":[48],"set":[49],"fast":[51],"algorithms":[52,86],"proposed":[54],"evaluated":[56],"on":[57,89,112],"simulated":[58],"networks":[59],"example":[61],"cities":[62],"world.":[65],"We":[66],"analyze":[67],"trade-off":[69,80],"between":[70],"algorithm":[71,102],"runtime":[72],"solution":[74],"quality.":[75],"Time":[76],"evolution":[77],"also":[82],"captured.":[83],"Then,":[84],"are":[87],"tested":[88],"range":[91],"instances":[93],"diverse":[95],"features.":[96],"On":[97],"basis":[99],"performance,":[103],"measured":[104],"various":[106],"quality":[107],"indicators,":[108],"draw":[110],"conclusions":[111],"nature":[114],"above":[117],"tacit":[122],"assumptions":[123],"made":[124],"while":[125],"designing":[126],"algorithms.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
