{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383069101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09667-w","title":"A Heuristic Deep Q Learning for Offloading in Edge Devices in 5\u00a0g Networks","display_name":"A Heuristic Deep Q Learning for Offloading in Edge Devices in 5\u00a0g Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383069101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09667-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10723-023-09667-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09667-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140218187","display_name":"Journal of Grid Computing","issn_l":"1570-7873","issn":["1570-7873","1572-9184"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Grid Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111003309","display_name":"YanRu Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"YanRu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, TauYuan, 030000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, TauYuan, 030000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015439006","display_name":"Ahmed M. Alwakeel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1394-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Alwakeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 47713, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 47713, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056623574","display_name":"Mohammed M. Alwakeel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6897-3050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed M. Alwakeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 47713, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 47713, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064505916","display_name":"Lubna A. Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-9486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubna A. Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 47713, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, 47713, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013697797","display_name":"Sara A. Althubiti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-3010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195631090","display_name":"Majmaah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrnj60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara A Althubiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111003309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83917288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8983491063117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7178391218185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.6243894696235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.570111870765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.49996471405029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.48662981390953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.48337167501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.47147512435913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.45942404866218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.45904985070228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.45426952838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3813588619232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.25911945104599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13970017433166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1263091266155243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8983491063117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7178391218185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.6243894696235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.570111870765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.49996471405029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.48662981390953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.48337167501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.47147512435913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.45942404866218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45904985070228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.45426952838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3813588619232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.25911945104599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13970017433166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1263091266155243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10723-023-09667-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09667-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140218187","display_name":"Journal of Grid Computing","issn_l":"1570-7873","issn":["1570-7873","1572-9184"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Grid Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2897807975","https://openalex.org/W2939138533","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W3005478472","https://openalex.org/W3026105097","https://openalex.org/W3027449017","https://openalex.org/W3039280696","https://openalex.org/W3084953801","https://openalex.org/W3104761884","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3110865173","https://openalex.org/W3118727533","https://openalex.org/W3122335539","https://openalex.org/W3125842443","https://openalex.org/W3142867684","https://openalex.org/W3153674394","https://openalex.org/W3156157177","https://openalex.org/W3158253560","https://openalex.org/W3160323481","https://openalex.org/W3195605735","https://openalex.org/W3202920624","https://openalex.org/W4205127328","https://openalex.org/W4205434059","https://openalex.org/W4206111066","https://openalex.org/W4206496144","https://openalex.org/W4213439509","https://openalex.org/W4221062936","https://openalex.org/W4224250975","https://openalex.org/W4224316787","https://openalex.org/W4226490845","https://openalex.org/W4281637644","https://openalex.org/W4283268940","https://openalex.org/W4285203714","https://openalex.org/W4288054401","https://openalex.org/W4289109368","https://openalex.org/W4297193084","https://openalex.org/W4302363031","https://openalex.org/W4309768135","https://openalex.org/W4310207716","https://openalex.org/W4312617592","https://openalex.org/W4312652047","https://openalex.org/W4313185505","https://openalex.org/W4316013382","https://openalex.org/W4318819796","https://openalex.org/W4319341648","https://openalex.org/W4322631264","https://openalex.org/W4365801699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2959276766","https://openalex.org/W3111983280","https://openalex.org/W2911809097","https://openalex.org/W4287990712","https://openalex.org/W3015688179","https://openalex.org/W2996244958","https://openalex.org/W2904529289","https://openalex.org/W4321844361","https://openalex.org/W3112631746","https://openalex.org/W2952511314"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}