{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004144506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-020-09377-2","title":"On the importance of specialists for lexicase selection","display_name":"On the importance of specialists for lexicase selection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004144506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-020-09377-2","mag":"3004144506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10710-020-09377-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-020-09377-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47930974","display_name":"Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines","issn_l":"1389-2576","issn":["1389-2576","1573-7632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083108240","display_name":"Thomas Helmuth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188592606","display_name":"Hamilton College","ror":"https://ror.org/05709zb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Helmuth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, NY, 13323, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-6809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, NY, 13323, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044538049","display_name":"Edward Pantridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-5268"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Pantridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swoop, 125 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swoop, 125 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044142640","display_name":"Lee Spector","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-4797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177605424","display_name":"Amherst College","ror":"https://ror.org/028vqfs63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47631775","display_name":"Hampshire College","ror":"https://ror.org/03pe1mm80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47631775"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Spector","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amherst College, P.O. Box 5000, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA","Cognitive Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA","University of Massachusetts Amherst, 140 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003-9264, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amherst College, P.O. Box 5000, Amherst, MA, 01002-5000, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47631775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, 140 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003-9264, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083108240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188592606"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89291666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"349","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.8770933151245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament-selection","display_name":"Tournament selection","score":0.8515815734863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6795478463172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament","display_name":"Tournament","score":0.6778873205184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truncation-selection","display_name":"Truncation selection","score":0.4837181866168976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47991427779197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4548935294151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45349347591400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-proportionate-selection","display_name":"Fitness proportionate selection","score":0.44862961769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.370941698551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1163550615310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.07717448472976685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.8770933151245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165661538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7829327","display_name":"Tournament selection","level":3,"score":0.8515815734863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6795478463172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136975688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320634","display_name":"Tournament","level":2,"score":0.6778873205184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106284839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7847936","display_name":"Truncation selection","level":3,"score":0.4837181866168976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47991427779197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4548935294151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45349347591400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99701942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5455479","display_name":"Fitness proportionate selection","level":4,"score":0.44862961769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.370941698551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1163550615310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.07717448472976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10710-020-09377-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-020-09377-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47930974","display_name":"Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines","issn_l":"1389-2576","issn":["1389-2576","1573-7632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3576524178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1617087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505743939","https://openalex.org/W1601222803","https://openalex.org/W1795093649","https://openalex.org/W1966001515","https://openalex.org/W1978661986","https://openalex.org/W1980900887","https://openalex.org/W2034068348","https://openalex.org/W2072473332","https://openalex.org/W2136414484","https://openalex.org/W2159000073","https://openalex.org/W2481686130","https://openalex.org/W2484166844","https://openalex.org/W2494723633","https://openalex.org/W2561490710","https://openalex.org/W2562150744","https://openalex.org/W2565142667","https://openalex.org/W2598851863","https://openalex.org/W2604556510","https://openalex.org/W2731782677","https://openalex.org/W2756174255","https://openalex.org/W2798474464","https://openalex.org/W2830196635","https://openalex.org/W2852537662","https://openalex.org/W2883518743","https://openalex.org/W2886010853","https://openalex.org/W2887101452","https://openalex.org/W2888117147","https://openalex.org/W2897298408","https://openalex.org/W2898348225","https://openalex.org/W2912821124","https://openalex.org/W2939939499","https://openalex.org/W2945685787","https://openalex.org/W2945779572","https://openalex.org/W2953869332","https://openalex.org/W2954550468","https://openalex.org/W2955973312","https://openalex.org/W2961535796","https://openalex.org/W2964232543","https://openalex.org/W3098382816","https://openalex.org/W3099551301","https://openalex.org/W3099844407","https://openalex.org/W3103943707","https://openalex.org/W4233966121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589065806","https://openalex.org/W2350426988","https://openalex.org/W1572785861","https://openalex.org/W2137407971","https://openalex.org/W9972581","https://openalex.org/W4285805368","https://openalex.org/W2156671362","https://openalex.org/W1967064569","https://openalex.org/W4205732321","https://openalex.org/W4206447647"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}