{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411465141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","title":"A critique of current approaches to privacy in machine learning","display_name":"A critique of current approaches to privacy in machine learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411465141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40547343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075346171","display_name":"Florian van Daalen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-8587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian van Daalen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands","Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118451930","display_name":"Marine Jacquemin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marine Jacquemin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034589930","display_name":"Johan van Soest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-0330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan van Soest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brightlands Institute for Smart Society (BISS), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands","Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brightlands Institute for Smart Society (BISS), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050083914","display_name":"Nina Stahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-4218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114239","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0225asj53","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Stahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health, Ethics and Society (HES), Faculty of Health, University Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health, Ethics and Society (HES), Faculty of Health, University Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022557217","display_name":"David Townend","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2409-0288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114239","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0225asj53","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Townend","raw_affiliation_strings":["City Law School, University of London, London, United Kingdom","Department of Health, Ethics and Society (HES), Faculty of Health, University Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City Law School, University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health, Ethics and Society (HES), Faculty of Health, University Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013513157","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Dekker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-7996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Dekker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058533373","display_name":"I\u00f1igo Bermejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-8088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inigo Bermejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium","Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075346171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273","https://openalex.org/I4210161616"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":6.4509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96176118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"32","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5579208135604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5052669644355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.43097227811813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4010164439678192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3322998285293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32942670583724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1432005763053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09863612055778503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5579208135604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5052669644355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.43097227811813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4010164439678192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3322998285293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32942670583724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1432005763053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09863612055778503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40547343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40547343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and information technology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/133299e0-d46f-43a3-9c02-468992ac0207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/133299e0-d46f-43a3-9c02-468992ac0207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"van Daalen, F, Jacquemin, M, van Soest, J, Stahl, N, Townend, D, Dekker, A & Bermejo, I 2025, 'A critique of current approaches to privacy in machine learning', Ethics and Information Technology, vol. 27, no. 3, 32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:documentserver.uhasselt.be:1942/46373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1942/46373","pdf_url":"https://documentserver.uhasselt.be//bitstream/1942/46373/1/A%20critique%20of%20current%20approaches%20to%20privacy%20in%20machine%20learning.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401926","display_name":"Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","host_organization_name":"Hasselt University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12181200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12181200","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12181200/pdf/10676_2025_Article_9843.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ethics Inf Technol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-025-09843-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5752751035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"628.011.212.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8094170266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"628.011.212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411465141.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411465141.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609821167","https://openalex.org/W619877947","https://openalex.org/W1487543720","https://openalex.org/W1511877615","https://openalex.org/W1533821024","https://openalex.org/W1616788770","https://openalex.org/W1640628807","https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W2005348042","https://openalex.org/W2009193945","https://openalex.org/W2021956654","https://openalex.org/W2100267603","https://openalex.org/W2106313770","https://openalex.org/W2124199175","https://openalex.org/W2154611405","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2164005910","https://openalex.org/W2401370650","https://openalex.org/W2496064804","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2552820166","https://openalex.org/W2589250137","https://openalex.org/W2616332126","https://openalex.org/W2732757946","https://openalex.org/W2924950986","https://openalex.org/W2945063412","https://openalex.org/W2951523806","https://openalex.org/W2953487715","https://openalex.org/W2957080203","https://openalex.org/W2988247000","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3010141963","https://openalex.org/W3013333648","https://openalex.org/W3024259449","https://openalex.org/W3025819524","https://openalex.org/W3027472889","https://openalex.org/W3034931939","https://openalex.org/W3036215195","https://openalex.org/W3081819535","https://openalex.org/W3086809868","https://openalex.org/W3091454361","https://openalex.org/W3099104703","https://openalex.org/W3104077700","https://openalex.org/W3107001518","https://openalex.org/W3109094166","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W3143251375","https://openalex.org/W3155068531","https://openalex.org/W3185987447","https://openalex.org/W3186782927","https://openalex.org/W3192298118","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4211146243","https://openalex.org/W4221108817","https://openalex.org/W4224241629","https://openalex.org/W4230706792","https://openalex.org/W4244936525","https://openalex.org/W4281765801","https://openalex.org/W4293155325","https://openalex.org/W4295837853","https://openalex.org/W4297659087","https://openalex.org/W4316035570","https://openalex.org/W4382315317","https://openalex.org/W4386131004","https://openalex.org/W4386529408","https://openalex.org/W4387336571","https://openalex.org/W4387628527","https://openalex.org/W4392913518","https://openalex.org/W4395462746","https://openalex.org/W4396826430","https://openalex.org/W4401424788","https://openalex.org/W6678355287","https://openalex.org/W6989015717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1982412832","https://openalex.org/W4244464241","https://openalex.org/W2384573129","https://openalex.org/W2351224547","https://openalex.org/W2358945257","https://openalex.org/W4318692582","https://openalex.org/W4368618351","https://openalex.org/W2006863447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Access":[0],"to":[1,21,56,64,69,104,120,131,184,188],"large":[2],"datasets,":[3],"the":[4,7,13,40,57,88,123,151,163],"rise":[5],"of":[6,9,15,59,85],"Internet":[8],"Things":[10],"(IoT)":[11],"and":[12,61,102,117,144,154],"ease":[14],"collecting":[16],"personal":[17],"data,":[18],"have":[19,29,54,77],"led":[20,55],"significant":[22],"breakthroughs":[23],"in":[24,47,91,125,141],"machine":[25,73,142],"learning.":[26],"However,":[27,71],"they":[28,169],"also":[30,161],"raised":[31],"new":[32],"concerns":[33],"about":[34],"privacy":[35,52,93,139,183],"data":[36,66,158,165,189,194,198],"protection.":[37],"Controversies":[38],"like":[39],"Facebook-Cambridge":[41],"Analytica":[42],"scandal":[43],"highlight":[44],"unethical":[45],"practices":[46],"today's":[48],"digital":[49],"landscape.":[50],"Historical":[51],"incidents":[53],"development":[58],"technical":[60,97],"legal":[62],"solutions":[63],"protect":[65,105],"subjects'":[67],"right":[68],"privacy.":[70],"within":[72],"learning,":[74],"these":[75],"problems":[76],"largely":[78],"been":[79],"approached":[80],"from":[81],"a":[82,126],"mathematical":[83],"point":[84],"view,":[86],"ignoring":[87],"larger":[89],"context":[90],"which":[92],"is":[94,129],"relevant.":[95],"This":[96,134],"approach":[98],"has":[99,110],"benefited":[100],"data-controllers":[101],"failed":[103],"individuals":[106],"adequately.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"it":[109,179],"aligned":[111],"with":[112],"Big":[113],"Tech":[114],"organizations'":[115],"interests":[116],"allowed":[118],"them":[119],"further":[121],"push":[122],"discussion":[124],"direction":[127],"that":[128,181],"favorable":[130],"their":[132],"interests.":[133],"paper":[135],"reflects":[136],"on":[137,186,193],"current":[138,164],"approaches":[140],"learning":[143],"explores":[145],"how":[146,155],"various":[147],"big":[148],"organizations":[149],"guide":[150],"public":[152],"discourse,":[153],"this":[156],"harms":[157],"subjects.":[159],"It":[160],"critiques":[162],"protection":[166],"regulations,":[167],"as":[168,200,202],"allow":[170],"superficial":[171],"compliance":[172],"without":[173],"addressing":[174],"deeper":[175],"ethical":[176],"issues.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"argues":[180],"redefining":[182],"focus":[185],"harm":[187],"subjects":[190,199],"rather":[191],"than":[192],"breaches":[195],"would":[196],"benefit":[197],"well":[201],"society":[203],"at":[204],"large.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-27T08:22:11.395708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
