{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388703774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3","title":"The Right to Break the Law? Perfect Enforcement of the Law Using Technology Impedes the Development of Legal Systems","display_name":"The Right to Break the Law? Perfect Enforcement of the Law Using Technology Impedes the Development of Legal Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388703774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002768053","display_name":"Bart Custers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-8380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bart Custers","raw_affiliation_strings":["eLaw, The Center for Law and Digital Technologies at the Leiden Law School, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eLaw, The Center for Law and Digital Technologies at the Leiden Law School, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002768053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.6921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76610248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.711466908454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.7073723077774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.5882353186607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.5743227005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.5393950343132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-disobedience","display_name":"Civil disobedience","score":0.49732401967048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-law","display_name":"Civil law (Civil law)","score":0.4768872559070587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.41726383566856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35687774419784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33299869298934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-law","display_name":"Commercial law","score":0.3270263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3122434616088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.21087944507598877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.711466908454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7073723077774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5882353186607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5743227005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.5393950343132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779533911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47217","display_name":"Civil disobedience","level":3,"score":0.49732401967048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780677400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235","display_name":"Civil law (Civil law)","level":3,"score":0.4768872559070587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.41726383566856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35687774419784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33299869298934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86432685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219186","display_name":"Commercial law","level":2,"score":0.3270263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3122434616088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21087944507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_3716025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3716025","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3716026/view","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09737-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388703774.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481908410","https://openalex.org/W1496436366","https://openalex.org/W1565635002","https://openalex.org/W1866063761","https://openalex.org/W1970411761","https://openalex.org/W2116587749","https://openalex.org/W2121697782","https://openalex.org/W2126466006","https://openalex.org/W2155404021","https://openalex.org/W2342572996","https://openalex.org/W2563468899","https://openalex.org/W2763837442","https://openalex.org/W2796328181","https://openalex.org/W2888316225","https://openalex.org/W2896769903","https://openalex.org/W2904100451","https://openalex.org/W2912642029","https://openalex.org/W2913707464","https://openalex.org/W2942040262","https://openalex.org/W2958139780","https://openalex.org/W2990234466","https://openalex.org/W3038550789","https://openalex.org/W3082918644","https://openalex.org/W3087507467","https://openalex.org/W3098252703","https://openalex.org/W3121895866","https://openalex.org/W3122196004","https://openalex.org/W3123463080","https://openalex.org/W3126942043","https://openalex.org/W3145367068","https://openalex.org/W3159270503","https://openalex.org/W3204350925","https://openalex.org/W4210250995","https://openalex.org/W4210642812","https://openalex.org/W4233237171","https://openalex.org/W4236620284","https://openalex.org/W4285112310","https://openalex.org/W4293010744","https://openalex.org/W4299541734","https://openalex.org/W4318481867","https://openalex.org/W6611471681","https://openalex.org/W6632904454","https://openalex.org/W6668170188","https://openalex.org/W6690895128","https://openalex.org/W6760281399","https://openalex.org/W7037954679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W67918574","https://openalex.org/W2990747266","https://openalex.org/W2348213834","https://openalex.org/W2229862018","https://openalex.org/W2385868739","https://openalex.org/W2354685215","https://openalex.org/W2378423522","https://openalex.org/W628586410","https://openalex.org/W2383864849","https://openalex.org/W2382051643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Technological":[1],"developments":[2],"increasingly":[3],"enable":[4],"monitoring":[5],"and":[6,25,42,44,90,141],"steering":[7],"the":[8,14,54,65,83,97,107,118],"behavior":[9],"of":[10,13,18,67,100,117,143],"individuals.":[11],"Enforcement":[12],"law":[15,33],"by":[16,29],"means":[17],"technology":[19],"can":[20,38,63,132],"be":[21],"much":[22],"more":[23],"effective":[24],"pervasive":[26],"than":[27],"enforcement":[28,34,116],"humans,":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"officers.":[35],"However,":[36],"it":[37],"also":[39],"bypass":[40],"legislators":[41],"courts":[43],"minimize":[45],"any":[46],"room":[47,104],"for":[48,96,109,126],"civil":[49,112],"disobedience.":[50],"This":[51,124],"significantly":[52],"reduces":[53],"options":[55],"to":[56,80,85,105,134],"challenge":[57],"legal":[58,68,88,101,129],"rules.":[59],"This,":[60],"in":[61],"turn,":[62],"impede":[64],"development":[66,99],"systems.":[69,102],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"an":[73],"analogy":[74],"is":[75,93],"made":[76],"with":[77],"evolutionary":[78],"biology":[79],"illustrate":[81],"that":[82,131],"possibility":[84],"deviate":[86],"from":[87],"rules":[89],"existing":[91],"norms":[92],"sometimes":[94],"necessary":[95],"further":[98,145],"Some":[103],"break":[106],"law,":[108,119],"instance,":[110],"through":[111],"disobedience":[113],"or":[114],"imperfect":[115],"will":[120],"ensure":[121],"sufficient":[122],"variation.":[123],"allows":[125],"properly":[127],"evolving":[128],"systems":[130],"continue":[133],"provide":[135],"fair":[136],"solutions,":[137],"even":[138],"when":[139],"society":[140],"concepts":[142],"fairness":[144],"develop.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}