{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321599935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9","title":"Autonomous Military Systems: collective responsibility and distributed burdens","display_name":"Autonomous Military Systems: collective responsibility and distributed burdens","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321599935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049056728","display_name":"Ni\u00ebl Henk Conradie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1916-3171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ni\u00ebl Henk Conradie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Society, Technology, and Human Factors, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Society, Technology, and Human Factors, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049056728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.4058,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79493557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12957","display_name":"War, Ethics, and Justification","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-responsibility","display_name":"Collective responsibility","score":0.801490068435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.6552623510360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-responsibility","display_name":"Moral responsibility","score":0.6490103006362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism","display_name":"Individualism","score":0.552874743938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5322518348693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5299390554428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4938533902168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.49265748262405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-responsibility","display_name":"Social responsibility","score":0.4890657365322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.45748960971832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4393395185470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.4382352828979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3551989495754242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2519042491912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.18971863389015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13701114058494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09050828218460083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51351910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046415","display_name":"Collective responsibility","level":2,"score":0.801490068435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6552623510360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111476811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5190255","display_name":"Moral responsibility","level":2,"score":0.6490103006362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.552874743938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5322518348693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5299390554428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4938533902168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.49265748262405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147598955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427818","display_name":"Social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4890657365322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.45748960971832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4393395185470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.4382352828979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3551989495754242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2519042491912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18971863389015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13701114058494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09050828218460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-023-09696-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324232","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321599935.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48285259","https://openalex.org/W1221615973","https://openalex.org/W1495526685","https://openalex.org/W1510599622","https://openalex.org/W1528305927","https://openalex.org/W1638430727","https://openalex.org/W1974127225","https://openalex.org/W1983537150","https://openalex.org/W2005310970","https://openalex.org/W2025419287","https://openalex.org/W2038258895","https://openalex.org/W2044908625","https://openalex.org/W2046611950","https://openalex.org/W2052982528","https://openalex.org/W2056245254","https://openalex.org/W2057624450","https://openalex.org/W2069764486","https://openalex.org/W2073401795","https://openalex.org/W2081091066","https://openalex.org/W2081476804","https://openalex.org/W2087710120","https://openalex.org/W2087846607","https://openalex.org/W2092170016","https://openalex.org/W2093416795","https://openalex.org/W2154262152","https://openalex.org/W2215087323","https://openalex.org/W2272313825","https://openalex.org/W2399925489","https://openalex.org/W2416488565","https://openalex.org/W2471430239","https://openalex.org/W2501795049","https://openalex.org/W2501830078","https://openalex.org/W2502739406","https://openalex.org/W2504452204","https://openalex.org/W2604895579","https://openalex.org/W2792435043","https://openalex.org/W2799870497","https://openalex.org/W2930001972","https://openalex.org/W2952317276","https://openalex.org/W2956049410","https://openalex.org/W2972199483","https://openalex.org/W2990471853","https://openalex.org/W3018154283","https://openalex.org/W3081530200","https://openalex.org/W3182882342","https://openalex.org/W3184900892","https://openalex.org/W4214518538","https://openalex.org/W4229621810","https://openalex.org/W4232036072","https://openalex.org/W4235108137","https://openalex.org/W4238500269","https://openalex.org/W4239896939","https://openalex.org/W4240161594","https://openalex.org/W4241581630","https://openalex.org/W4245035135","https://openalex.org/W4245798461","https://openalex.org/W4327515846","https://openalex.org/W6606521506","https://openalex.org/W6621078253","https://openalex.org/W6629680194","https://openalex.org/W6635428274","https://openalex.org/W6635790863","https://openalex.org/W6640791582","https://openalex.org/W6781070576","https://openalex.org/W6819295927","https://openalex.org/W6991991799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998859920","https://openalex.org/W2888753820","https://openalex.org/W4238439430","https://openalex.org/W2092101875","https://openalex.org/W2072751265","https://openalex.org/W1532549123","https://openalex.org/W2500180140","https://openalex.org/W2373951223","https://openalex.org/W2503418423","https://openalex.org/W2488500759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"introduction":[2],"of":[3,21,47,65,96,103,122,135,147],"Autonomous":[4],"Military":[5],"Systems":[6],"(AMS)":[7],"onto":[8],"contemporary":[9],"battlefields":[10],"raises":[11],"concerns":[12,61],"that":[13,60,108,137,144],"they":[14],"will":[15,80,86,151],"bring":[16],"with":[17,50],"them":[18],"the":[19,45,63,72,92,120,124,133],"possibility":[20],"a":[22,127],"techno-responsibility":[23,158],"gap,":[24],"leaving":[25],"insecurity":[26],"about":[27],"how":[28],"to":[29,89,115,119,130],"attribute":[30,116],"responsibility":[31,97,118,149],"in":[32,44,76,100],"scenarios":[33],"involving":[34],"these":[35,78,104],"systems.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38,42,140,145],"work":[39,53,99],"I":[40,58,142],"approach":[41],"problem":[43],"domain":[46],"applied":[48],"ethics":[49],"foundational":[51],"conceptual":[52],"on":[54],"autonomy":[55],"and":[56,129],"responsibility.":[57,111],"argue":[59,143],"over":[62],"use":[64],"AMS":[66,125],"can":[67],"be":[68,83],"assuaged":[69],"by":[70],"recognising":[71],"richly":[73],"interrelated":[74],"context":[75],"which":[77,123],"systems":[79],"most":[81,101],"likely":[82],"deployed.":[84],"This":[85,112],"allow":[87],"us":[88,114],"move":[90],"beyond":[91],"solely":[93],"individualist":[94],"understandings":[95],"at":[98,153],"treatments":[102],"cases,":[105],"toward":[106],"one":[107],"includes":[109],"collective":[110,117],"allows":[113],"collectives":[121],"form":[126],"part,":[128],"account":[131],"for":[132],"distribution":[134],"burdens":[136],"follows":[138],"from":[139],"attribution.":[141],"expansion":[146],"our":[148],"practices":[150],"close":[152],"least":[154],"some":[155],"otherwise":[156],"intractable":[157],"gaps.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}