{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127864964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","title":"Towards trustworthy blockchains: normative reflections on blockchain-enabled virtual institutions","display_name":"Towards trustworthy blockchains: normative reflections on blockchain-enabled virtual institutions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127864964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","mag":"3127864964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078656029","display_name":"Yan Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-4728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-4728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078656029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":3.9864,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9404872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"385","last_page":"397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11163","display_name":"Organ Donation and Transplantation","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12149","display_name":"Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9376999735832214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8138079643249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.7582607269287109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5964845418930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization","display_name":"Decentralization","score":0.5422003269195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5151482820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institution","display_name":"Institution","score":0.49106407165527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.46655863523483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-trust","display_name":"Computational trust","score":0.43324556946754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4326087236404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.41174665093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.396759569644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.37951046228408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.37576261162757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3530680537223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.33944112062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.32916826009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.23534360527992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2197226583957672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8138079643249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.7582607269287109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5964845418930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.5422003269195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5151482820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.49106407165527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.46655863523483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160521178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157345","display_name":"Computational trust","level":3,"score":0.43324556946754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4326087236404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41174665093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.396759569644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.37951046228408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37576261162757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3530680537223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.33944112062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.32916826009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23534360527992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2197226583957672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:f40645b1-1379-4e8b-be29-19f26b296b7a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f40645b1-1379-4e8b-be29-19f26b296b7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-021-09581-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127864964.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127864964.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17217136","https://openalex.org/W52223281","https://openalex.org/W409739088","https://openalex.org/W570582447","https://openalex.org/W602681897","https://openalex.org/W645635193","https://openalex.org/W801768279","https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W1479959895","https://openalex.org/W1505337087","https://openalex.org/W1556726625","https://openalex.org/W1558585115","https://openalex.org/W1891363781","https://openalex.org/W1978246972","https://openalex.org/W1992516046","https://openalex.org/W1993755359","https://openalex.org/W1997223469","https://openalex.org/W2001055565","https://openalex.org/W2025453478","https://openalex.org/W2031618446","https://openalex.org/W2044592362","https://openalex.org/W2051273256","https://openalex.org/W2058583438","https://openalex.org/W2068887099","https://openalex.org/W2072862483","https://openalex.org/W2075985765","https://openalex.org/W2080205018","https://openalex.org/W2087167323","https://openalex.org/W2112019196","https://openalex.org/W2112880115","https://openalex.org/W2142947219","https://openalex.org/W2143063108","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2182846158","https://openalex.org/W2237773452","https://openalex.org/W2283191721","https://openalex.org/W2296842867","https://openalex.org/W2492215133","https://openalex.org/W2531965319","https://openalex.org/W2544239478","https://openalex.org/W2545981505","https://openalex.org/W2559876587","https://openalex.org/W2563649753","https://openalex.org/W2584454765","https://openalex.org/W2603196080","https://openalex.org/W2611486340","https://openalex.org/W2734195463","https://openalex.org/W2761443899","https://openalex.org/W2762845979","https://openalex.org/W2767332594","https://openalex.org/W2767515506","https://openalex.org/W2784387076","https://openalex.org/W2799121301","https://openalex.org/W2889068804","https://openalex.org/W2892290838","https://openalex.org/W2903593525","https://openalex.org/W2912812174","https://openalex.org/W2917157970","https://openalex.org/W2933986653","https://openalex.org/W2947639635","https://openalex.org/W2952143659","https://openalex.org/W2954317494","https://openalex.org/W2961501274","https://openalex.org/W2981602967","https://openalex.org/W3014222222","https://openalex.org/W3107719772","https://openalex.org/W3121796453","https://openalex.org/W3129696931","https://openalex.org/W4210729066","https://openalex.org/W4210910267","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4235092092","https://openalex.org/W4251659661","https://openalex.org/W4253759836","https://openalex.org/W4255221555","https://openalex.org/W6618258891","https://openalex.org/W6624166757","https://openalex.org/W6644947460","https://openalex.org/W6685981990","https://openalex.org/W6741265374","https://openalex.org/W6750498173","https://openalex.org/W6982536742","https://openalex.org/W7010040495","https://openalex.org/W7028692630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W3170739056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2,125],"proposes":[3],"a":[4,25,82,163,185,205,224],"novel":[5],"way":[6],"to":[7,67,77,208,219,228],"understand":[8],"trust":[9,16,30,74,86,106,119,140,239],"in":[10,18,87,167,240],"blockchain":[11,48,73,181,213,242],"technology":[12,101,186],"by":[13,63,70,107,159,222],"analogy":[14],"with":[15,195,235],"placed":[17],"institutions.":[19,88],"In":[20],"support":[21],"of":[22,28,47,85,98,105,118,136,147,165,212,226,231,238],"the":[23,38,42,91,109,116,121,124,132,145,150,155,174,209,229,236,241],"analysis,":[24],"detailed":[26],"investigation":[27],"institutional":[29],"is":[31,34,75,182],"provided,":[32],"which":[33],"then":[35],"used":[36],"as":[37,81,184],"basis":[39],"for":[40,59,111,120],"understanding":[41,104],"nature":[43,130],"and":[44,94,131,134,162,172,199],"ethical":[45,201],"limits":[46,202,216],"trust.":[49],"Two":[50],"interrelated":[51],"arguments":[52],"are":[53,142,217],"presented.":[54],"First,":[55],"given":[56],"blockchains\u2019":[57,128],"capacity":[58],"being":[60],"institution-like":[61],"entities":[62],"inviting":[64],"expectations":[65],"similar":[66],"those":[68],"invited":[69],"traditional":[71,160],"institutions,":[72,99],"argued":[76],"be":[78,193,220],"best":[79],"conceptualized":[80],"specialized":[83],"form":[84],"Keeping":[89],"only":[90],"core":[92],"functionality":[93],"certain":[95],"normative":[96,197],"ideas":[97],"this":[100,137],"broadens":[102],"our":[103],"removing":[108],"need":[110],"third":[112],"parties":[113],"while":[114],"retaining":[115],"value":[117],"trustor.":[122],"Second,":[123],"argues":[126],"that":[127,191,203],"decentralized":[129],"implications":[133],"effects":[135],"decentralization":[138],"on":[139],"issues":[141],"double-edged.":[143],"With":[144],"erasure":[146],"central":[148],"points,":[149],"systems":[151],"simultaneously":[152],"crowd":[153],"out":[154],"pivotal":[156],"role":[157],"played":[158],"institutions":[161],"cadre":[164],"representatives":[166],"meeting":[168],"their":[169],"assigned":[170],"obligations":[171],"securing":[173],"functional":[175],"systems\u2019":[176],"trustworthy":[177],"performances.":[178],"As":[179],"such,":[180],"positioned":[183],"containing":[187],"both":[188],"disruptive":[189],"features":[190],"can":[192],"embedded":[194],"meaningful":[196],"values":[198],"inherent":[200],"pose":[204],"direct":[206],"challenge":[207],"actual":[210],"trustworthiness":[211],"implementations.":[214],"Such":[215],"proposed":[218],"ameliorated":[221],"facilitating":[223],"shift":[225],"responsibility":[227],"groups":[230],"people":[232],"directly":[233],"associated":[234],"engendering":[237],"context.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
