{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808975654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","title":"Going dark: anonymising technology in cyberspace","display_name":"Going dark: anonymising technology in cyberspace","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808975654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","mag":"2808975654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002791511","display_name":"Ross W. Bellaby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-0681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ross W. Bellaby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics, University of Sheffield, Elmfield Building, Northumberland Road, Sheffield, S10 2TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-0681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics, University of Sheffield, Elmfield Building, Northumberland Road, Sheffield, S10 2TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002791511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":4.1707,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94310922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"189","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.9032105207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6778150200843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5534994006156921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warrant","display_name":"Warrant","score":0.5411635041236877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5111404061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4555540978908539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44773146510124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4166858494281769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3348032832145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3267919719219208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.31586334109306335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.9032105207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6778150200843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5534994006156921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.5411635041236877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5111404061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4555540978908539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44773146510124207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4166858494281769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3348032832145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3267919719219208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31586334109306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:132165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-018-9458-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808975654.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808975654.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115882697","https://openalex.org/W128720162","https://openalex.org/W191456223","https://openalex.org/W641963792","https://openalex.org/W1438441013","https://openalex.org/W1519565400","https://openalex.org/W1568586503","https://openalex.org/W1583633531","https://openalex.org/W1604801442","https://openalex.org/W1605594354","https://openalex.org/W1804828433","https://openalex.org/W1894005556","https://openalex.org/W1897672284","https://openalex.org/W1912516647","https://openalex.org/W1985749074","https://openalex.org/W1991609060","https://openalex.org/W1991741230","https://openalex.org/W1999447203","https://openalex.org/W2013395324","https://openalex.org/W2016325035","https://openalex.org/W2016509781","https://openalex.org/W2016563917","https://openalex.org/W2026898678","https://openalex.org/W2032616120","https://openalex.org/W2035680095","https://openalex.org/W2036614349","https://openalex.org/W2039758682","https://openalex.org/W2047504441","https://openalex.org/W2056201098","https://openalex.org/W2065311781","https://openalex.org/W2081455579","https://openalex.org/W2087977633","https://openalex.org/W2095814934","https://openalex.org/W2098749368","https://openalex.org/W2101843697","https://openalex.org/W2102035496","https://openalex.org/W2103088651","https://openalex.org/W2103960618","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2108989790","https://openalex.org/W2109296207","https://openalex.org/W2122305905","https://openalex.org/W2135579486","https://openalex.org/W2137074370","https://openalex.org/W2154767394","https://openalex.org/W2162209053","https://openalex.org/W2164107853","https://openalex.org/W2165893637","https://openalex.org/W2167393238","https://openalex.org/W2172289934","https://openalex.org/W2294170611","https://openalex.org/W2312501019","https://openalex.org/W2345561840","https://openalex.org/W2490879758","https://openalex.org/W2563190142","https://openalex.org/W2594357697","https://openalex.org/W2760992381","https://openalex.org/W2777510227","https://openalex.org/W3023695158","https://openalex.org/W3023856917","https://openalex.org/W3125305558","https://openalex.org/W3182882342","https://openalex.org/W3216684859","https://openalex.org/W4213303277","https://openalex.org/W4230138364","https://openalex.org/W4239392621","https://openalex.org/W4248110397","https://openalex.org/W4307533328","https://openalex.org/W6636109751","https://openalex.org/W6757714025","https://openalex.org/W6793971853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368745349","https://openalex.org/W3167675181","https://openalex.org/W2131575257","https://openalex.org/W2372005904","https://openalex.org/W144012884","https://openalex.org/W2360897455","https://openalex.org/W2377660959","https://openalex.org/W2810589793","https://openalex.org/W3015649151","https://openalex.org/W4251169878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anonymising":[0],"technologies":[1],"are":[2,23,129],"cyber-tools":[3],"that":[4,77,110,127,145,162],"protect":[5],"people":[6],"from":[7,54,90],"online":[8,30],"surveillance,":[9],"hiding":[10],"who":[11],"they":[12,16,22],"are,":[13],"what":[14,20,113],"information":[15,76,100],"have":[17],"stored":[18],"and":[19,34,50,87,153,177,183,210],"websites":[21],"looking":[24],"at.":[25],"Whether":[26],"it":[27,71,103,140,163],"is":[28,52,122,148,164],"anonymising":[29,151,190],"activity":[31,51],"through":[32],"\u2018TOR\u2019":[33],"its":[35,154],"onion":[36],"routing,":[37],"256-bit":[38],"encryption":[39],"on":[40],"communications":[41],"sent":[42],"or":[43,132],"smart":[44],"phone":[45],"auto-deletes,":[46],"the":[47,55,59,125,171,196,215],"user\u2019s":[48],"identity":[49],"protected":[53,123],"watchful":[56],"eyes":[57],"of":[58,135,157,198,205,223],"intelligence":[60,68,216],"community.":[61],"This":[62],"represents":[63],"a":[64,82,202],"clear":[65],"challenge":[66],"to":[67,75,124,170,185,200,218],"actors":[69],"as":[70,102,118],"prevents":[72],"them":[73],"access":[74],"many":[78],"would":[79],"argue":[80],"plays":[81],"vital":[83],"part":[84],"in":[85,211],"locating":[86],"preventing":[88],"threats":[89],"being":[91,119],"realised.":[92],"Moreover,":[93],"such":[94,150,187],"technology":[95,152,191],"offers":[96],"more":[97,220],"than":[98],"ordinary":[99],"protections":[101,206],"erects":[104],"\u2018warrant-proof\u2019":[105],"spaces,":[106],"technological":[107],"black":[108],"boxes":[109],"no":[111],"matter":[112],"some":[114],"authority":[115],"might":[116],"deem":[117],"legitimately":[120],"searchable":[121],"extent":[126],"there":[128],"very":[130],"limited":[131,181],"non-existent":[133],"means":[134],"forcing":[136],"oneself":[137],"in.":[138],"However,":[139],"will":[141],"be":[142,193],"argued":[143],"here":[144],"not":[146],"only":[147],"using":[149],"extra":[155],"layer":[156],"protection":[158],"people\u2019s":[159,180,208],"right,":[160],"but":[161],"ethically":[165],"mandatory.":[166],"That":[167],"is,":[168],"due":[169],"en":[172],"masse":[173],"surveillance\u2014from":[174],"both":[175],"governments":[176],"corporations\u2014coupled":[178],"with":[179],"awareness":[182],"ability":[184],"comprehend":[186],"data":[188,224],"collections,":[189],"should":[192],"built":[194],"into":[195],"fabric":[197],"cyberspace":[199],"provide":[201],"minimal":[203],"set":[204],"over":[207],"information,":[209],"doing":[212],"so":[213],"force":[214],"community":[217],"develop":[219],"targeted":[221],"forms":[222],"collection.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
