{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2261178860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","title":"Should we welcome robot teachers?","display_name":"Should we welcome robot teachers?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2261178860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","mag":"2261178860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102959290","display_name":"Amanda Sharkey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-2575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amanda J. C. Sharkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Portobello Rd, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Portobello Rd, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102959290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":24.6472,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":241,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99570642,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"283","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.8731037378311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.6068293452262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.565950334072113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.5279977321624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5113022327423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.4937017858028412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4205703139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41399484872817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.376093327999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.36652907729148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3426748514175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3295811414718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.26958656311035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.2504332661628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13320454955101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10252782702445984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.8731037378311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.6068293452262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.565950334072113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.5279977321624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5113022327423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.4937017858028412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4205703139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41399484872817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.376093327999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.36652907729148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3426748514175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3295811414718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.26958656311035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.2504332661628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13320454955101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10252782702445984}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:98583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-016-9387-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13096939","display_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","issn_l":"1388-1957","issn":["1388-1957","1572-8439"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethics and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1794736544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"611971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","funder_display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3981126665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Seventh Framework Programme","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5125754684","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7-ICT-2013-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5483342299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7-ICT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G588217739","display_name":"Expressive Agents for Symbiotic Education and Learning","funder_award_id":"611971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2261178860.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2261178860.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100785191","https://openalex.org/W226711504","https://openalex.org/W259224829","https://openalex.org/W1491607089","https://openalex.org/W1506961742","https://openalex.org/W1541197728","https://openalex.org/W1568596308","https://openalex.org/W1572512745","https://openalex.org/W1638773224","https://openalex.org/W1758812744","https://openalex.org/W1963851457","https://openalex.org/W1966236843","https://openalex.org/W1979628236","https://openalex.org/W1989931958","https://openalex.org/W1995474382","https://openalex.org/W2001862949","https://openalex.org/W2003227152","https://openalex.org/W2006447892","https://openalex.org/W2017177973","https://openalex.org/W2018732718","https://openalex.org/W2019263901","https://openalex.org/W2024895316","https://openalex.org/W2026464238","https://openalex.org/W2028029365","https://openalex.org/W2032160998","https://openalex.org/W2037289888","https://openalex.org/W2040715910","https://openalex.org/W2043736971","https://openalex.org/W2060592556","https://openalex.org/W2064673991","https://openalex.org/W2082666068","https://openalex.org/W2082674756","https://openalex.org/W2105335341","https://openalex.org/W2106175837","https://openalex.org/W2106373505","https://openalex.org/W2107278406","https://openalex.org/W2110437072","https://openalex.org/W2115040353","https://openalex.org/W2118793551","https://openalex.org/W2120040514","https://openalex.org/W2122267749","https://openalex.org/W2122722460","https://openalex.org/W2123950369","https://openalex.org/W2136248575","https://openalex.org/W2138138227","https://openalex.org/W2143910019","https://openalex.org/W2152851068","https://openalex.org/W2154152382","https://openalex.org/W2155970314","https://openalex.org/W2168502198","https://openalex.org/W2170748977","https://openalex.org/W2194445175","https://openalex.org/W2321345544","https://openalex.org/W2440454175","https://openalex.org/W2471433289","https://openalex.org/W2549973101","https://openalex.org/W2610881013","https://openalex.org/W2725331431","https://openalex.org/W2773648481","https://openalex.org/W2993014201","https://openalex.org/W3036876381","https://openalex.org/W3080186923","https://openalex.org/W3125633690","https://openalex.org/W3143249716","https://openalex.org/W4205832198","https://openalex.org/W4235857332","https://openalex.org/W4240840252","https://openalex.org/W4247462173","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6609072698","https://openalex.org/W6637902619","https://openalex.org/W6678379700","https://openalex.org/W6761240130","https://openalex.org/W7029883597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3205513966","https://openalex.org/W2052971528","https://openalex.org/W3120459843","https://openalex.org/W4366547574","https://openalex.org/W3200191727","https://openalex.org/W2133150803","https://openalex.org/W3134988587","https://openalex.org/W2082173922","https://openalex.org/W2933829981","https://openalex.org/W2742736081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"uses":[1],"of":[2,51,63,128,166],"robots":[3,73,103,167,215],"in":[4,61,176,213,219],"classrooms":[5],"are":[6,43,59,74,91,100,158,184,233],"reviewed":[7],"and":[8,23,30,49,54,56,87,97,111,123,140,146,164,195,200],"used":[9,92,218],"to":[10,76,93,105,136,168,188,222],"characterise":[11],"four":[12,65],"scenarios:":[13],"(s1)":[14,145],"Robot":[15,20,26,33],"as":[16,21,27,84,107],"Classroom":[17],"Teacher;":[18],"(s2)":[19],"Companion":[22],"Peer;":[24],"(s3)":[25],"Care-eliciting":[28],"Companion;":[29],"(s4)":[31],"Telepresence":[32],"Teacher.":[34],"The":[35,210],"main":[36],"ethical":[37],"concerns":[38,160],"associated":[39],"with":[40],"robot":[41,137,143,192,197],"teachers":[42,144,193],"identified":[44,66],"as:":[45],"privacy;":[46],"attachment,":[47],"deception,":[48],"loss":[50],"human":[52,130,225],"contact;":[53],"control":[55,169],"accountability.":[57],"These":[58],"discussed":[60],"terms":[62],"the":[64,126,162,177,220,224],"scenarios.":[67],"It":[68,179],"is":[69,180],"argued":[70],"that":[71,182,196],"classroom":[72,221],"likely":[75],"impact":[77],"children\u2019s\u2019":[78],"privacy,":[79],"especially":[80],"when":[81,89,98],"they":[82,109],"masquerade":[83],"their":[85,154],"friends":[86],"companions,":[88],"sensors":[90],"measure":[94],"children\u2019s":[95,174],"responses,":[96],"records":[99],"kept.":[101],"Social":[102],"designed":[104],"appear":[106],"if":[108],"understand":[110],"care":[112],"for":[113],"humans":[114],"necessarily":[115],"involve":[116],"some":[117],"deception":[118],"(itself":[119],"a":[120,150,205],"complex":[121],"notion),":[122],"could":[124,133,148,216],"increase":[125],"risk":[127],"reduced":[129],"contact.":[131],"Children":[132],"form":[134],"attachments":[135],"companions":[138,198],"(s2":[139,199],"s3),":[141],"or":[142,170],"this":[147],"have":[149],"deleterious":[151],"effect":[152],"on":[153],"social":[155],"development.":[156],"There":[157],"also":[159],"about":[161,173],"ability,":[163],"use":[165],"make":[171],"decisions":[172],"behaviour":[175],"classroom.":[178],"concluded":[181],"there":[183],"good":[185],"reasons":[186],"not":[187],"welcome":[189,207],"fully":[190],"fledged":[191],"(s1),":[194],"3)":[201],"should":[202],"be":[203,217],"given":[204],"cautious":[206],"at":[208],"best.":[209],"limited":[211],"circumstances":[212],"which":[214],"improve":[223],"condition":[226],"by":[227],"offering":[228],"otherwise":[229],"unavailable":[230],"educational":[231],"experiences":[232],"discussed.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}