{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7171259346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5","title":"Does road diversity really matter in testing automated driving systems?","display_name":"Does road diversity really matter in testing automated driving systems?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7171259346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027849434","display_name":"Stefan Klikovits","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4212-7029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Klikovits","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4212-7029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084639710","display_name":"Vincenzo Riccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-8231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Riccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Udine, Udine, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-8231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Udine, Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042312462","display_name":"Ezequiel Castellano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezequiel Castellano","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-9997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045577470","display_name":"Ahmet Cetinkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-8600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Cetinkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-8600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077479330","display_name":"Alessio Gambi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Gambi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-6497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021486887","display_name":"Paolo Arcaini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-4062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Arcaini","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-4062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027849434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88382261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.4368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.4368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.3456000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.14839999377727509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6581000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6581000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188048851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298569","display_name":"Road map","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120894424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017560084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34442","display_name":"Road construction","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80519477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532236","display_name":"Scenario testing","level":3,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10920-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5323131680488586,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1960332693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K03913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3102131090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K03913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4419030529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJAP2301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5855187945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJAP2301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7576359024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP26K07561","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7axw05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171259346.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7171259346.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W334078648","https://openalex.org/W1570683030","https://openalex.org/W1603378435","https://openalex.org/W1971650562","https://openalex.org/W2045824418","https://openalex.org/W2069350550","https://openalex.org/W2075370603","https://openalex.org/W2082994295","https://openalex.org/W2092583558","https://openalex.org/W2093651920","https://openalex.org/W2107338474","https://openalex.org/W2122027402","https://openalex.org/W2124299914","https://openalex.org/W2127513746","https://openalex.org/W2134765105","https://openalex.org/W2144063472","https://openalex.org/W2145413266","https://openalex.org/W2151083897","https://openalex.org/W2153649445","https://openalex.org/W2153708898","https://openalex.org/W2171030261","https://openalex.org/W2242274110","https://openalex.org/W2288552780","https://openalex.org/W2568308068","https://openalex.org/W2775678306","https://openalex.org/W2795880720","https://openalex.org/W2883845690","https://openalex.org/W2957066083","https://openalex.org/W3035524670","https://openalex.org/W3037111391","https://openalex.org/W3040671048","https://openalex.org/W3047641937","https://openalex.org/W3090608524","https://openalex.org/W3103158293","https://openalex.org/W3126015239","https://openalex.org/W3138272363","https://openalex.org/W3138484593","https://openalex.org/W3152356823","https://openalex.org/W3168678903","https://openalex.org/W3178701007","https://openalex.org/W3205175640","https://openalex.org/W3206485866","https://openalex.org/W3213266171","https://openalex.org/W4206742615","https://openalex.org/W4211180451","https://openalex.org/W4226029106","https://openalex.org/W4237390087","https://openalex.org/W4281385259","https://openalex.org/W4286488146","https://openalex.org/W4289535158","https://openalex.org/W4291213652","https://openalex.org/W4317381205","https://openalex.org/W4319150663","https://openalex.org/W4319150689","https://openalex.org/W4319964781","https://openalex.org/W4383066878","https://openalex.org/W4384155506","https://openalex.org/W4384304657","https://openalex.org/W4406535027","https://openalex.org/W4409048151","https://openalex.org/W7108687376","https://openalex.org/W7155058306"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Context":[1],"The":[2,277,338],"use":[3,147],"of":[4,30,45,60,66,148,160,205,270,291],"automated":[5],"driving":[6,164,199,256,346],"systems":[7],"(ADSs)":[8],"in":[9,56,73],"the":[10,64,71,123,146,154,219,225,231,267,295,305],"real":[11],"world":[12],"requires":[13],"rigorous":[14],"testing":[15,177],"to":[16,102,127,138,151],"ensure":[17],"safety.":[18],"To":[19],"increase":[20],"trust,":[21],"ADSs":[22],"should":[23,334],"be":[24,335],"tested":[25,87],"on":[26,107,172],"a":[27,38,43,57,173,181,238,317,358],"large":[28],"set":[29,44,183],"diverse":[31,47,157,163,250,255],"road":[32,91,115,124,149,188,216,222,228,242,312],"scenarios.":[33],"Literature":[34],"suggests":[35],"that":[36,156,194,248,349],"if":[37,76],"vehicle":[39],"is":[40],"driven":[41],"along":[42],"geometrically":[46,249],"roads\u2014measured":[48],"using":[49,197],"various":[50,206],"diversity":[51,243,285,314],"measures":[52,279,333],"(DMs)\u2014it":[53],"will":[54],"react":[55],"wide":[58],"range":[59],"behaviours,":[61],"thereby":[62],"increasing":[63],"chances":[65],"observing":[67],"failures,":[68],"or":[69,327],"strengthening":[70],"confidence":[72],"its":[74],"safety,":[75],"no":[77],"failures":[78],"are":[79],"observed.":[80],"However,":[81],"this":[82],"assumption":[83,155,307],"has":[84],"never":[85],"been":[86,93],"before,":[88],"nor":[89],"have":[90],"DMs":[92,125,150,229],"assessed":[94],"for":[95,297,320,361],"their":[96,129,210],"properties.":[97],"Objective":[98],"Our":[99,168,235],"goal":[100],"was":[101],"perform":[103],"an":[104],"exploratory":[105],"study":[106],"53":[108],"currently":[109],"used":[110],"and":[111,137,179,190,208,224,230,244,260,365],"new,":[112],"potentially":[113],"promising":[114],"DMs.":[116,142],"Specifically,":[117],"our":[118,350],"research":[119],"questions":[120],"looked":[121],"into":[122],"themselves,":[126],"analyse":[128],"properties":[130],"(e.g.":[131],"monotonicity":[132],",":[133],"computation":[134,275],"efficiency":[135],"),":[136],"test":[139,158,203,251,287,363],"correlation":[140,220,226,240,269,282,340],"between":[141,221,227,241],"Furthermore,":[143],"we":[144,214,325],"investigated":[145],"determine":[152],"whether":[153],"suites":[159,204,252,288],"roads":[161,290],"expose":[162],"behaviour":[165],"holds.":[166],"Method":[167],"empirical":[169],"analysis":[170],"relies":[171],"state-of-the-art,":[174],"open-source":[175],"ADS":[176,310,355],"infrastructure":[178],"uses":[180],"data":[182,193],"containing":[184,289],"over":[185],"97,000":[186],"individual":[187],"geometries":[189],"matching":[191],"simulation":[192],"were":[195],"collected":[196],"two":[198],"agents.":[200],"By":[201],"considering":[202],"sizes":[207],"measuring":[209],"roads\u2019":[211],"geometric":[212],"diversity,":[213,246],"studied":[215],"DM":[217],"properties,":[218],"DMs,":[223],"observed":[232,342],"behaviour.":[233],"Results":[234],"findings":[236,351],"reveal":[237],"strong":[239],"behavioural":[245,284,321],"confirming":[247],"systematically":[253],"exercise":[254],"behaviours.":[257],"We":[258],"identified":[259],"aggregations":[261],"as":[262,316,328],"most":[263],"effective,":[264],"with":[265,283],"achieving":[266],"strongest":[268],"0.95":[271],"while":[272],"requiring":[273],"minimal":[274],"time.":[276],"analysed":[278],"maintain":[280],"robust":[281],"across":[286,343],"varying":[292],"lengths,":[293],"eliminating":[294],"need":[296],"length":[298],"normalisation.":[299],"Conclusions":[300],"These":[301],"results":[302],"empirically":[303],"validate":[304],"fundamental":[306],"underlying":[308],"diversity-driven":[309,362],"testing:":[311],"geometry":[313],"serves":[315],"reliable":[318],"proxy":[319],"diversity.":[322],"For":[323],"practitioners,":[324],"recommend":[326],"optimal":[329],"choices,":[330],"whilst":[331],"-based":[332],"avoided":[336],"entirely.":[337],"near-identical":[339],"patterns":[341],"architecturally":[344],"different":[345],"agents":[347],"indicate":[348],"generalise":[352],"beyond":[353],"specific":[354],"implementations,":[356],"providing":[357],"solid":[359],"foundation":[360],"generation":[364],"selection.":[366]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T06:00:05.401030","created_date":"2026-07-26T00:00:00"}
