{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416888427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1","title":"Echoes of AI: Investigating the downstream effects of AI assistants on software maintainability","display_name":"Echoes of AI: Investigating the downstream effects of AI assistants on software maintainability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416888427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004374106","display_name":"Markus Borg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Markus Borg","raw_affiliation_strings":["CodeScene, Malm\u00f6, Sweden","Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-4371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CodeScene, Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109853195","display_name":"D.W. Hewett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097584","display_name":"Equinor (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa9v334","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097584","https://openalex.org/I49324905"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave Hewett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equal Experts, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equal Experts, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119096447","display_name":"Nadim Hagatulah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadim Hagatulah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001108385","display_name":"Noric Couderc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-8854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noric Couderc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001336269","display_name":"Emma S\u00f6derberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-4560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma S\u00f6derberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110236999","display_name":"Donald R. Graham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800161224","display_name":"City of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/05b210c34","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800161224"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equal Experts, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equal Experts, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800161224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120490842","display_name":"Uttam Kini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133406","display_name":"Technology Solutions Experts (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03wxvt516","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133406"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uttam Kini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equal Experts, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equal Experts, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133406"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113411196","display_name":"Dave Farley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148413","display_name":"Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymmms77","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210148413","https://openalex.org/I4210164537"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave Farley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Continuous Delivery, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Continuous Delivery, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004374106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00362343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.6944000124931335,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.6944000124931335,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.08030000329017639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.055399999022483826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.8708000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-lines-of-code","display_name":"Source lines of code","score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.40220001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.8708000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147494362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078905","display_name":"Troubleshooting","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.00788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00788","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.00788","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.00788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.00788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.00788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-026-10889-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321806","display_name":"Lunds Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416888427.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416888427.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Context":[1],"AI":[2,33,82,97,127,146,158,183],"assistants,":[3],"like":[4],"GitHub":[5],"Copilot":[6],"and":[7,133,156,191,216],"Cursor,":[8],"are":[9],"transforming":[10],"software":[11,36],"engineering.":[12],"While":[13],"several":[14],"studies":[15],"highlight":[16],"productivity":[17],"improvements,":[18],"their":[19],"impact":[20],"on":[21],"maintainability":[22,172],"requires":[23],"further":[24],"investigation.":[25],"Objective":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"investigates":[29],"whether":[30],"co-development":[31],"with":[32,79,109,182],"assistants":[34],"affects":[35],"maintainability,":[37],"specifically":[38],"how":[39],"easily":[40],"other":[41,177],"developers":[42,178,220],"can":[43],"evolve":[44],"the":[45,186],"resulting":[46],"source":[47],"code.":[48],"Method":[49],"We":[50],"conducted":[51],"a":[52,71,75,87,149],"two-phase,":[53],"preregistered":[54],"controlled":[55,89],"experiment":[56],"involving":[57],"151":[58],"participants,":[59],"95%":[60],"of":[61,188,199],"whom":[62],"were":[63,129],"professional":[64],"developers.":[65],"In":[66,84],"Phase":[67,85,100,139],"1,":[68],"participants":[69,92],"added":[70],"new":[72,91],"feature":[73],"to":[74,111,225],"Java":[76],"web":[77],"application,":[78],"or":[80,114,123,174],"without":[81,96],"assistance.":[83,98],"2,":[86],"randomized":[88],"trial,":[90],"evolved":[93,179],"these":[94],"solutions":[95],"Results":[99],"2":[101],"revealed":[102],"no":[103,195],"significant":[104],"differences":[105],"in":[106,153],"subsequent":[107],"evolution":[108],"respect":[110],"completion":[112,154],"time":[113],"code":[115,180,210,214],"quality.":[116],"Bayesian":[117],"analysis":[118],"suggests":[119],"that":[120],"any":[121],"speed":[122],"quality":[124],"improvements":[125],"from":[126,138,212],"use":[128],"at":[130],"most":[131],"small":[132],"highly":[134],"uncertain.":[135],"Observational":[136],"results":[137],"1":[140],"corroborate":[141],"prior":[142],"research:":[143],"using":[144],"an":[145,161],"assistant":[147],"yielded":[148],"30.7%":[150],"median":[151],"reduction":[152],"time,":[155],"habitual":[157],"users":[159],"showed":[160],"estimated":[162],"55.9%":[163],"speedup.":[164],"Conclusions":[165],"Overall,":[166],"we":[167,193],"did":[168],"not":[169],"detect":[170],"systematic":[171],"advantages":[173],"disadvantages":[175],"when":[176],"co-developed":[181],"assistants.":[184,226],"Within":[185],"scope":[187],"our":[189],"tasks":[190],"measures,":[192],"observed":[194],"consistent":[196],"warning":[197],"signs":[198],"degraded":[200],"code-level":[201],"maintainability.":[202],"Future":[203],"work":[204],"should":[205],"examine":[206],"risks":[207],"such":[208],"as":[209,219],"bloat":[211],"excessive":[213],"generation":[215],"cognitive":[217],"debt":[218],"offload":[221],"more":[222],"mental":[223],"effort":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
