{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118080793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2","title":"Code review as decision-making - building a cognitive model from the questions asked during code review","display_name":"Code review as decision-making - building a cognitive model from the questions asked during code review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118080793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092012198","display_name":"Lo Heander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0695-4580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lo Gullstrand Heander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0695-4580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001336269","display_name":"Emma S\u00f6derberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-4560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma S\u00f6derberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-4560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090622854","display_name":"Christofer Rydenf\u00e4lt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christofer Rydenf\u00e4lt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-8263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092012198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00783354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9079999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9079999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.040800001472234726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.7763000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.590499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.486299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kpi-driven-code-analysis","display_name":"KPI-driven code analysis","score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4106999933719635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.7763000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.590499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.486299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121957198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14365593","display_name":"KPI-driven code analysis","level":5,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161407221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382939","display_name":"Cognitive model","level":3,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140396857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934771","display_name":"Internal documentation","level":5,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.09637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09637","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.09637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-025-10791-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7789240479469299,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321806","display_name":"Lunds Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118080793.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118080793.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2008045539","https://openalex.org/W2010321946","https://openalex.org/W2014347054","https://openalex.org/W2019257047","https://openalex.org/W2022557060","https://openalex.org/W2096452841","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2103880672","https://openalex.org/W2117505091","https://openalex.org/W2122209140","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2301050748","https://openalex.org/W2460117687","https://openalex.org/W2624930143","https://openalex.org/W2808429234","https://openalex.org/W2899099075","https://openalex.org/W3137814148","https://openalex.org/W3139213909","https://openalex.org/W3154383848","https://openalex.org/W4229336258","https://openalex.org/W4234580964","https://openalex.org/W4235786747","https://openalex.org/W4250195981","https://openalex.org/W4256740660","https://openalex.org/W4282039592","https://openalex.org/W4292157289","https://openalex.org/W4310563050","https://openalex.org/W4318159335","https://openalex.org/W4388212670","https://openalex.org/W4391912552","https://openalex.org/W4399208096","https://openalex.org/W4399213445","https://openalex.org/W4400440298","https://openalex.org/W4402533615","https://openalex.org/W4403155632","https://openalex.org/W4403487282","https://openalex.org/W4403946944","https://openalex.org/W4404782782","https://openalex.org/W4406023783","https://openalex.org/W4411360040","https://openalex.org/W4412703880"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Code":[1,172],"review":[2,47,97,134,159],"is":[3,170],"a":[4,129],"well-established":[5],"and":[6,19,29,36,66,94,123,141,160,200,202,210,243],"valued":[7],"practice":[8],"in":[9,26,79,157],"the":[10,56,59,75,145,149,151,154,171,183,190,212,215,218,233],"software":[11,242],"engineering":[12],"community":[13],"contributing":[14],"to":[15,34,41,86,197,207],"both":[16,27,98],"code":[17,46,80,96,125,133,158,191,234],"quality":[18],"interpersonal":[20,60],"benefits.":[21,110],"However,":[22],"there":[23],"are":[24],"challenges":[25],"tools":[28],"processes":[30,77],"that":[31,52,71,180],"give":[32],"rise":[33],"misalignments":[35],"frustrations.":[37],"Recent":[38],"research":[39],"seeks":[40],"address":[42],"this":[43,53,112],"by":[44,72],"automating":[45],"entirely,":[48],"but":[49],"we":[50,114],"believe":[51,70],"risks":[54],"losing":[55],"majority":[57],"of":[58,108,132,144,214],"benefits":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63,174],"knowledge":[64],"transfer":[65],"shared":[67],"ownership.":[68],"We":[69,127],"better":[73],"understanding":[74],"cognitive":[76,130,155],"involved":[78],"review,":[81],"it":[82],"would":[83],"be":[84,223],"possible":[85],"improve":[87],"tool":[88],"support,":[89],"with":[90],"or":[91,105],"without":[92],"AI,":[93],"make":[95],"more":[99,101,229],"efficient,":[100],"enjoyable,":[102],"while":[103],"increasing":[104],"maintaining":[106],"all":[107],"its":[109],"In":[111],"paper,":[113],"conduct":[115],"an":[116,194,204],"ethnographic":[117],"think-aloud":[118],"study":[119],"involving":[120],"10":[121],"participants":[122],"34":[124],"reviews.":[126],"build":[128],"model":[131,179],"bottom":[135],"up":[136],"through":[137,186],"thematic,":[138],"statistical,":[139],"temporal,":[140],"sequential":[142],"analysis":[143],"transcribed":[146],"material.":[147],"Through":[148],"data,":[150],"similarities":[152],"between":[153],"process":[156,219],"decision-making":[161],"processes,":[162],"especially":[163],"recognition-primed":[164],"decision-making,":[165],"become":[166],"apparent.":[167],"The":[168],"result":[169],"Review":[173],"Decision-Making":[175],"(":[176],"CRDM":[177],")":[178],"shows":[181],"how":[182],"developers":[184],"move":[185],"two":[187],"phases":[188],"during":[189],"review;":[192],"first":[193],"orientation":[195],"phase":[196,206],"establish":[198],"context":[199],"rationale":[201],"then":[203],"analytical":[205],"understand,":[208],"assess,":[209],"plan":[211],"rest":[213],"review.":[216],"Throughout":[217],"several":[220],"decisions":[221],"must":[222],"taken,":[224],"on":[225],"writing":[226],"comments,":[227],"finding":[228],"information,":[230],"voting,":[231],"running":[232],"locally,":[235],"verifying":[236],"continuous":[237],"integration":[238],"results,":[239],"etc.":[240],"Analysis":[241],"process-coded":[244],"data":[245],"publicly":[246],"available":[247],"at:":[248],"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15758266":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2026-01-03T00:00:00"}
